Theodore Rex - Edmund Morris [390]
24 THE “PACIFIC” BLOCKADE Hill, Roosevelt and the Caribbean, 117; Herbert Bowen, “Roosevelt and Venezuela,” North American Review, Sept. 1919; United States Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1903 (Washington D.C., annual), 793 (hereafter Foreign Relations).
25 John Hay relayed Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 413; Pierre de Margerie to French Foreign Office, 18 Jan. 1903 (JJ); Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 413; Herwig, Politics of Frustration, 67–69; TR, Letters, vol. 8, 1102. TR’s strategic suspicions were not unfounded. See Grenville and Young, Politics, Strategy, and American Diplomacy, 306.
26 IN BERLIN, Speck Reporting back to TR on 15 Dec. 1902, von Sternburg sounded more like an American diplomat than a German. “I’ve told them every bit of [the truth]…. Fear I’ve knocked them down rather roughly, but should consider myself a cowardly weakling if I had let things stand as they were” (TRP).
27 Expressionless, self-effacing Cassini, Never a Dull Moment, 108, 197 (“As always, Speck has three faces—one for the Russians, one for the British, and one for whomever he is stationed by”); Speck von Sternburg to TR, 15 Dec. 1902 (TRP).
28 There seemed to Marks, Velvet on Iron, 50; Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 422, 413. See Paul S. Holbo, “Perilous Obscurity: Public Diplomacy and the Press in the Venezuela Crisis, 1902–1903,” The Historian 32.3 (1970), for the barrage of White House publicity during Dewey’s naval maneuvers.
29 Von Bülow Alfred Vagts, Deutschland und die vereinigten Staaten in der Weltpolitik (New York, 1935), 1569, tr. the author; Die Grosse Politik, vol. 17, 255–60; Lionel M. Gelber, The Rise of Anglo-American Friendship (New York, 1938), 113.
30 The ink on Hill, Roosevelt and the Caribbean, 118.
31 Roosevelt continued TR, Letters, vol. 8, 1102; Platt, “Allied Coercion of Venezuela.”
32 Sunday, 14 December The Washington Post, 15 Dec. 1902. For reasons set forth at length in Morris, “ ‘A Few Pregnant Days,’ ” Sunday, 14 Dec., must have been the date of the secret TR-von Holleben meeting. Hay’s arbitration message was sent the previous day, Saturday, and von Holleben left Washington for New York on Sunday evening.
33 If Roosevelt expected Vagts, Deutschland, 1569; profile in Munsey’s, Sept. 1901; Cassini, Never a Dull Moment, 108; Sergei Witte, The Memoirs of Count Witte, ed. Sidney Harcave (Armonk, N.Y., 1990), 61, 76–77; Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 422.
34 Today, von Holleben Hill, Roosevelt and the Caribbean, 133; TR, Letters, vol. 8, 1103.
35 Controlling himself William Loeb interviewed by Henry Pringle, 14 Apr. 1930 (HP).
36 The President said Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 414.
37 WILLIAM LOEB SAW Marks, Velvet on Iron, argues that TR himself may have been initially responsible, in order not to humiliate the pathologically sensitive Kaiser. “Roosevelt’s penchant for face-saving is the key to much of the mystery surrounding his foreign policy.… In the field of diplomacy he was nearly always tactful and courteous” (58–59).
38 Von Holleben Herwig, Politics of Frustration, 80, 55, 69.
39 Late that evening “At the Hotels,” The New York Times, 15 Dec. 1902.
40 Sometime during TR, Letters, vol. 8, 1104, and vol. 5, 1102; George Dewey diary, 13 Jan. 1903 (GD). Bünz, TR said years later, was “the one man who sized me up right.” When the aging Consul General was arrested on espionage charges in the First World War, TR vowed to help him, “for the really valuable service he did this country as well as his own in the Venezuela matter” (TR to John J. Leary, Leary Notebooks [TRC]). See TR’s exquisitely detailed expositions of the Monroe Doctrine to Bünz in Letters, vol. 3, 98.
41 As von Holleben Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 414; Hill,