Theodore Rex - Edmund Morris [429]
25 Minister Kogoro John Hay diary, 11 Feb. 1904 (JH); Foreign Relations 1904, 32–35; Cassini, Never a Dull Moment, 201, 215–16; James Garfield diary, 10 Feb. 1904 (JRG); Jules Jusserand to Théophile Delcassé, 16 Feb. 1904 (JJ). Zabriskie, American-Russian Rivalry, 103–4, points out that not only did Washington favor Japan at this stage of the war, but that Japan, heavily financed by American loans, was in effect “fighting the battle of the United States” in the Far East. As far as the Roosevelt Administration was concerned, a victorious Japan might be easier to deal with than a victorious Russia, already “overbalancing” dangerously in Manchuria. TR, Letters, vol. 4, 724.
26 UNCONSCIOUS The following account of the death of Mark Hanna is based on J. B. Morrow’s interviews with Mrs. Hanna (18 May 1905), John Coit Spooner (10 Mar. 1905), and George Cortelyou (18 Apr. 1906), all in MHM; medical bulletins, 12–15 Feb., in Presidential scrapbook (TRP); The Washington Post and Washington Evening Star, 12–16 Feb. 1904; and Beer, Hanna, 622–24.
27 The cosmopolitan curiosity The book TR was reading was E. de Michelis’s L’Origine degli Indo-Europei (Turin, 1903). Its Italian text gave him much difficulty, but he read it through to the end. “I have been much impressed with it, owing to the clear grasp of the author of the … relations between languages and races—his understanding, for instance, that Aryan is a linguistic and not a biological term.” TR, Letters, vol. 4, 795.
28 He had not done Adams, Letters, vol. 5, 554; John T. Flynn, “Mark Hanna: Big Business in Politics,” Scribner’s, Aug. 1933. These sources give the low estimate of Hanna’s wealth. According to Alfred H. Lewis in Saturday Evening Post, 26 Dec. 1903, “He is worth every splinter of 30 millions.”
29 “May you soon” Croly, Marcus Alonzo Hanna, 454–55.
30 Governors, generals TR did, however, cross the square later that night to pay his respects to Mrs. Hanna. For two modern, sympathetic assessments of the great Senator, see Harvey Ploster, “Mark Hanna and the Republican Hierarchy, 1897–1904” (M.A. thesis, University of Maryland, 1964), and Gerald W. Wolff, “Mark Hanna’s Goal: American Harmony,” Ohio History 79.3–4 (1970).
31 By now, most Foreign Relations 1904, 543–51; John Hay to Elihu Root, 12 Mar. 1904 (TD). For modern support for this view, see Friedlander, “Reassessment,” and Marks, Velvet on Iron, 96–105.
32 The little republic McCullough, Path Between the Seas, 398; Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 1, 304–5.
33 Roosevelt and his successors Foreign Relations 1904, 544. Colón and Panama City were excluded from the zone, although the United States undertook to provide their sanitation, water supply, and security services. Panamanian independence was guaranteed; compensation was fixed at a ten-million-dollar initial payment, plus annual rent of $250,000, to begin after nine years.
34 But Bunau-Varilla Ameringer, “Philippe Bunau-Varilla.”
35 “for the honor” Philippe Bunau-Varilla to Manuel Amador Guerrero, 23 Feb. 1904 (PBV). Amador had been inaugurated four days before.
36 AN ENORMOUS MAP Dorwart, Office of Naval Intelligence, 81–82; New York World, 27 Feb. 1904; TR, Letters, vol. 4, 721; Beale, Theodore Roosevelt, 277.
37 Cecil Spring Rice Spring Rice to EKR, 29 Dec. 1903 (received 4 Feb. 1904) (TRP). During the Russo-Japanese War, Spring Rice deliberately addressed some of his more outspoken letters to EKR, in order to avoid surveillance and suspicion at either end. Morris, Edith Kermit Roosevelt, 286.
38 Roosevelt, replying TR, Letters, vol. 4, 760–61.
39 “very drastic” C. S. Mellen to TR, 19 Feb. 1904 (TRP).
40 “All I can do” TR, Letters, vol. 4, 750.
41 During the Alaska New York Sun, 15 Mar. 1904; Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., to TR, 19 Feb. 1904 (TRP).
42 Justice William Rufus Day The following short biographical sketches are based on Leon Friedman and Fred L. Israel, eds., The Justices of the United States Supreme Court, 1789–1969: Their Lives and Major Opinions (New York, 1969–1978), vols. 2 and 3.
43 (“the last of the”)