This Republic of Suffering [164]
40. Whitman, Final Report; Meigs statement of December 22, 1868, quoted in Congressional Globe, 42nd Cong., 2nd sess., May 8, 1872, p. 3220.
41. See www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/poplargrove/poplargrovehist.htm; New York Times, July 8, 1866, p. 4.
42. “The National Cemeteries,” Chicago Tribune, January 23, 1867, p. 2; Steven R. Stotelmyer, The Bivouacs of the Dead (Baltimore: Toomey Press, 1992), p. 22.
43. “Report of the Quartermaster General,” Executive Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives During the Second Session of the Forty-second Congress (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), vol. 2, pp. 135–66; “Report of the Quartermaster General, Secretary of War,” Executive Documents Printed by Order of the House of Representatives During the Third Session of the Forty-first Congress (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1871), vol. 2, p. 210; “Civil War Era National Cemeteries,” online at www.va.gov/facmgt/historic/civilwar.asp, total cost from Charles W. Snell and Sharon A. Brown, Antietam National Battlefield and National Cemetery, Sharpsburg, Maryland: An Administrative History (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1986), p. 29; Leslie Perry, “The Confederate Dead,” clipping from New York Sun [1898] in RG 92 585, NARA. See plats of national cemeteries in Whitman, Final Report. Sara Amy Leach, Senior Historian, National Cemetery Administration, Department of Veterans’ Affairs, letter to author, October 5, 2004, gives details of African American burials. She notes that segregated burials seem to have been undertaken by custom rather than by explicit regulation. For forms, see “Weekly Report of the Number of Interments,” July 28, 1866, Letters and Reports Received Relating to Cemeteries, RG 92 E569, NARA.
44. Whitman, “Remarks on National Cemeteries,” p. 225.
45. John Trowbridge, “The Wilderness,” Atlantic Monthly, 17 ( January 1866), 45, 46.
46. “Burial of the Rebel Dead,” New York Times, January 30, 1868, p. 4; Russell F. Weigley, Quartermaster General of the Union Army: A Biography of M. C. Meigs (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), pp. 308–10.
47. Examiner quoted in Mary H. Mitchell, Hollywood Cemetery: The History of a Southern Shrine (Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1985), p. 64.
48. “To the Women of the South,” in Daily Richmond Enquirer, May 31, 1866, clipping in Hollywood Memorial Association Collection, ESBL.
49. Oakwood Ladies Memorial Association, Minutes, April 19, 1866, Oakwood Memorial Association Collection, ESBL.
50. Minute Book, 1867, Hollywood Memorial Association Collection.
51. Henry Timrod, “Ode,” in The Columbia Book of Civil War Poetry, ed. Richard Marius (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), p. 418. On Memorial Day, see Blight, Race and Reunion, pp. 70–73; online at www.usmemorialday.org/order11.html. See also William Blair, Cities of the Dead: Contesting the Memory of the Civil War in the South, 1865–1914 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), pp. 44–76.
52. Downing cited in Anne Sarah Rubin, A Shattered Nation: The Rise and Fall of the
Confederacy, 1861–1868 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005), p. 234.
53. Ibid., p. 235; Neff, Honoring the Civil War Dead, pp. 146–48. On women and politics in the Civil War, see Drew Gilpin Faust, Mothers of Invention: Women of the Slaveholding South in the American Civil War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996), pp. 207–19.
54. “Virginia—Dedication of the Stonewall Cemetery—Feeling of the Southern People—Miscellaneous Incidents,” New York Times, October 29, 1866, p. 8. On Ashby, see Confederated Southern Memorial Association, History of the Confederated Memorial Associations of the South (New Orleans: Graham Press, 1904), p. 149.
55. Confederated Southern Memorial Association, History, p. 92; Rubin, Shattered Nation, p. 236. See also Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause, and the Emergence of the New South, 1865–1913