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"in a splendid little": John Kipling to his family, 20 August 1915, Kipling 2, pp. 198–199.

"The cigarettes, tobacco": John Kipling to his family, 22 August 1915, Kipling 2, p. 201.

"What he doesn't know": John Kipling to his family, 29 August 1915, Kipling 2, p. 213.

[>] "I tried to stop": Robb, p. 125.

"Kill Germans!": Eksteins, p. 236.

"The little hall was crowded": Brockway, p. 64.

[>] "Ten million Socialist": Robb, p. 69.

"They are well worth": Hardie to Sylvia Pankhurst, 27 May 1915, E. Sylvia Pankhurst Papers, Reel 1.

"You have been very brave": E. Sylvia Pankhurst 1, p. 227.

"His Majesty feels": Buckingham Palace to Lloyd George, 28 June 1915, quoted in Purvis i, p. 276.

[>] "The Ablest Woman": New York Journal, 12 November 1915, quoted in Purvis 1, p. 278.

[>] "It's no business": Dorothy Peel, How We Lived Then: 1914–1918: A Sketch of Social and Domestic Life in England During the War (London: John Lane, 1929), p. 152, quoted in Trevor Wilson, p. 511.

"shout of bestial triumph": Russell 1, p. 19.

"The air was filled": E. Sylvia Pankhurst 1, p. 196.

[>] "with no more mind": E. Sylvia Pankhurst Papers, Reel 1.

"He is dying": E. Sylvia Pankhurst 1, p. 228.

"un-English," "the weapon of cowards," "an underhanded method": Massie, p. 123.

157 "Whole families with all": Alfred Knox, With the Russian Army, 1914–1917, vol. 1

(London: Hutchinson, 1921), p. 305.

well over three million: Gatrell, pp. 3, 212.

"diversionary themes not": Lincoln, p. 48.

"afflicted with the misfortune": George Buchanan, My Mission to Russia and Other Diplomatic Memories, vol. 2 (London: Cassell, 1923), p. 77, quoted in Clay, p. 172.

"My brain is resting": Lincoln, p. 152.

[>] "were never in better": Haig 1, 12 September 1915, p. 146.

"It is against wild": Rudyard Kipling, France at War: On the Frontier of Civilization (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page, 1916), pp. 48, 86–87, 90.

"wouldn't like to have": Rudyard Kipling to Carrie Kipling, 21 August 1915, Kipling 2, p. 13.

[>] "I don't think I have": John Kipling to his family, 26 August 1915, Kipling 2, p. 208.

"my visage is the colour": John Kipling to his family, 29 August 1915, Kipling 2, p. 212.

"older and fatter": Haig 1, 22 September 1915, p. 151.

"Whatever may happen": 18 September 1915, quoted in Cassar, p. 261.

"a really good pair": John Kipling to his family, 23 September 1915, Kipling 2, p. 221.

"Just a hurried line": John Kipling to his family, 25 September 1915, Kipling 2, p. 222.

12. NOT THIS TIDE

[>] "For the future": Ministry of Munitions, History of the Ministry of Munitions, vol. 11 (London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1918–1922), sec. 3, p. 42. The wording of an earlier draft of the history, in BT 66/6/46, is almost identical and adds no more information. See also MacLeod and MacLeod, pp. 171–175.

some 32,000 pairs: Hartcup, p. 182. The official History of the Ministry of Munitions implies—apparently falsely—that the British-German trade was not consummated, because alternative sources of optical glass were found in Britain and the United States. Hartcup's source for the number of binoculars actually delivered in 1915 is a memorandum he found in BT 66/6/46, "Negotiations with Germany and America for optical instruments, Aug. 1915." Sometime after he did the research for his well-documented 1988 book, the memo was removed from this file in the National Archives, and I was unable to find it in a number of other files. My thanks to Guy Hartcup for taking the time to correspond with me about this.

[>] "each about a thousand": F. Forstner, Das Reserve Infanterie Regiment 15 (Berlin, 1929), pp. 226–232, quoted in Keegan 1, pp. 201–202.

"My machine gunners": Cherry, pp. 198–199.

163 "The communication trench": Philip Warner, The Battle of Loos (Ware, Hertfordshire: Wordsworth, 2000), p. 54.

[>] "The C.O. wishes": Macdonald 2, p. 536.

"The whole slope in front": Cherry, pp. 198–199.

[>] "They advanced as if": Vansittart to Secretary for War, 7 October 1917, CAB 45/121.

"bring