Treasure Islands - Nicholas Shaxson [169]
Stanford Bank, 218
Sterling Area, 92–3
Stettinius, Jr., Edward, 23
Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act, 110
Strahm, Rudolf, 226
Subramanian, Arvind, 59–60, 240n22
Summers, Larry, 160
Suez Crisis (1956), 65–6, 86
Swayze, David, 194, 196–7, 199, 201
Swinging London, 80
Switzerland, 3, 4, 16, 24, 26, 33, 38, 43, 69, 80, 84, 88, 97–9, 109, 114, 117, 119, 122, 127–8, 129, 138–40, 143, 156–7, 161–2, 165, 169, 174, 176–8, 180, 191–2, 203, 212, 214–15, 226, 234n12,13, 236n23, 247n31, 250n20, 252n18
clients of, 26
secrecy law (1934), 16
See Geneva
Sylla, Richard, 80
Syvret, Stuart, 187–8, 205, 207–8
Taliban, 121
Tavakoli, Janet, 125
Tax Analysts, 17, 161–2
tax/taxation, 144–56
capital gains tax, 155, 162–3
competition, 149–56
corporate tax, 155
deferrals, 112–13
four “Rs” of, 164
incentives, 156
income tax, 155, 162–3
land value, 224–5
multinational, 12–15
as offshore system: See offshore system
progressive, 162–3
and property rights, 158
rates, 154–60
and reform, 223
statistics on, 15, 162–3
as theft, 158
treaties, 147–8
U.S. statistics on, 162–3
war, 156
in World War I, 40
zero, 12–15
tax avoidance, 25, 29, 33–4, 36, 40–1, 45, 47, 103, 130, 159, 216
tax competition, 149–56
tax deferrals, 112–13
tax evasion, 16–17, 25, 29, 44, 57, 76, 88, 101–2, 110, 118–19, 129, 133, 157–8, 160, 163, 167, 185, 230, 246n4
tax havens/secrecy jurisdictions
“blacklist” of, 24–5, 150, 161–2, 168–9, 223
British: See British tax havens
central, 16–23, 26
See British tax havens; European tax havens; U.S. tax havens
and colonialism: See colonialism companies using, 20–2
defined, 6–8, 11–13
and denial, 12–13
and developing countries: See developing countries
as easy to set up, 24
and elites: See elites
European: See European tax havens
features of, 12–13
and multinationals: See multinational corporations
OECD blacklist of, 24–5
and ordinary citizens: See ordinary citizens
rationalizations for, 156–8, 165–6
statistics on, 11, 16, 28–9, 32
U.S.: See U.S. tax havens
Tax Justice Network (TJN), 28, 128, 170, 181, 234n4–5, 237n44
tax treaties, 147–8
terrorist financing, 22, 26, 29, 35, 121, 131, 133, 167, 173
Texas, 110, 115, 120–1, 204
Thatcher, Margaret, 32, 66, 84–5, 204, 252n16
Tiebout, Charles, 154
Time magazine, 83
“too big to fail,” 21, 31, 130, 217
Total group, 5
transfer pricing (or mispricing), 9, 14–15, 29, 42, 108, 123, 152, 215–16, 227, 239n10
defined, 14
transparency, 8–9, 12, 16, 24, 26, 33, 58, 110, 112, 119, 122, 126, 128, 140, 157–8, 160, 167–8, 170, 177, 179, 188, 190, 208, 221–3, 226, 228–30, 247n31,32, 248n44, 250n21
Transparency International (TI), 126–7
Travers, Anthony, 166–7, 182
trusts, 43–7, 64, 69, 90, 92, 99, 103, 105, 125–6, 133, 139, 173–6, 180, 201, 207, 223, 225–7, 235n19, 239n17,18, 248n34, 250n25
defined, 43–7
and retaining control, 45
Turks and Caicos (British overseas territory), 18–19, 23, 27, 87
UBS, 138, 140, 177, 249n18
Uganda, 145, 183
Union Cold Storage, 45–6
United Nations, 9, 136, 146, 161, 231–2
United States and Britain, 19–20, 49–50, 54–5
and corporate income tax, 40
deficits, 80, 84, 114, 116, 118–19, 194, 217
and financial regulation, 63, 67–70, 78–80, 100–3, 119–20
statistics on oil, 1, 32, 40, 52, 60, 162–3
tax havens: See U.S. tax havens
and transfer pricing, 14–15
USAID, 22
U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 18, 109, 112, 133, 142
U.S. Congress, 20, 39, 83, 110, 122, 160–1, 170, 225, 246n11
U.S. Congressional Black Caucus, 161
U.S. Council of Economic Advisors, 83
U.S. dollar, 63, 65, 75, 83–4, 88, 92–3
U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 109, 121
U.S. Federal Reserve, 78–9, 101, 111, 114, 141, 143, 247n18
U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO), 15, 20, 22, 103, 234n4, 236n30
U.S. Internal Revenue Service (IRS), 117, 120–1, 150–1, 162, 236n29, 253n31
United States Overseas Private Investment Corp. (OPIC), 22
U.S. Senate, 14, 21, 36, 38–9, 46–7, 58, 68, 102, 110–11, 121–2, 132, 135, 140, 150–1, 156, 160, 162, 168, 170, 173, 183–4, 187–8, 190, 195, 198, 205, 207, 226, 254n11, 256n33
U.S. tax havens,