Tropic of Chaos_ Climate Change and the New Geography of Violence - Christian Parenti [129]
7 Walt W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
8 Charles Tilly, “War Making and State Making As Organized Crime,” in Bringing the State Back In, ed. Peter Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 169–191.
9 Tilly, “War Making and State Making,” 170.
10 Tilly, “War Making and State Making,” 183.
11 Anthony Giddens, The Nation-State and Violence, vol. 2 of A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
Chapter 9
1 We were in the little village of Tutu in Sherzad District. Khogyani is made up of a cluster of districts: Bihsud, Khogyani, Sherzad, Shinwar, Bati Kot, Pachir Wa Agam, and, depending on who is explaining the region, parts of Chaparhar and Surkh Rod.
2 Matthew Savage et al., “Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan,” Department of International Development and Stockholm Environment Institute DFID CNTR 08 8507, executive summary, 2.
3 “Floods in Pakistan” (publication of the Humanitarian Communication Group, United Nations, October 4, 2010).
4 Tage R. Sivall, “Synoptic-Climatological Study of the Asian Summer Monsoon in Afghanistan,” Geograf iska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 59, no. 1/2 (1977): 67–87; chart on 76.
5 Savage et al., “Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan,” 5.
6 Raja Anwar, The Tragedy of Afghanistan (London: Verso, 1988), 69.
7 Louis Dupree, Afghanistan (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002).
8 James P. Sterba, “Starving Afghan Children Await Death Along Roads,” New York Times, June 16, 1972, 1; Sterba e-mail to author, April 9, 2009.
9 Henry Kamm, “Afghans Striving to Aid Famine Areas,” New York Times, November 19, 1972, 28.
10 “Upheaval in Kabul,” New York Times, July 20, 1973, 30.
11 “Afghan Parliament, in Session for a Year, Has Voted No Legislation,” New York Times, November 22, 1970.
12 James P. Sterba, “Afghans Begin Inquiry on Distribution of Food for Famine Relief,” New York Times, July 11, 1972, 6.
13 “Leftist Protest Mars Agnew’s Arrival in Kabul: Students in Afghan Capital Fail to Halt Motorcade Crowds Welcome Visitor,” New York Times, January 7, 1970.
14 An Afghan Village, produced by Norman Miller with the co-operation of Toryali Shafaq Afghan Films and the Government of Afghanistan, 1974.
15 “Afghan King Overthrown: A Republic Is Proclaimed,” New York Times, July 18, 1973.
16 Kamm, “Afghans Striving to Aid Famine Areas.”
17 “Afghanistan Coup Topples Monarchy,” MERIP Reports, no. 19 (August 1973): 18.
18 “Afghans Seem Happy That King Is Gone,” New York Times, July 24, 1973.
19 Amaury de Riencourt, “India and Pakistan in the Shadow of Afghanistan,” Foreign Affairs 61, no. 2 (winter 1982): 416–437.
20 Anwar, The Tragedy of Afghanistan, 78–81.
21 The story of Murtaza Bhutto is laid out in historical and personal detail in Raja Anwar, The Terrorist Prince: The Life and Death of Murtaza Bhutto (Verso: London, 1997), and also in Fatima Bhutto’s Songs of Blood and Sword (New York: Nation Books, 2010).
22 S. R. Sonyel, “Enver Pasha and the Basmaji Movement in Central Asia,” Middle Eastern Studies 26, no. 1 (January 1990): 52–64; Martha B. Olcott, “The Basmachi or Freemen’s Revolt in Turkestan, 1918–24,” Soviet Studies 33, no. 3 (July 1981): 352–369 ; William S. Ritter, “The Final Phase in the Liquidation of Anti-Soviet Resistance in Tadzhikistan: Ibrahim Bek and the Basmachi, 1924–31,” Soviet Studies 37, no. 4 (October 1985): 484–493.
23 For more on this history, see Steve Coll, Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (New York: Penguin, 2004).
24 Savage et al., “Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change in Afghanistan,” 5.
25 Matthew King and Benjamin Sturtewagen, Making the Most of Afghanistan’s River Basins: Opportunities for Regional Cooperation