Twain's Feast - Andrew Beahrs [150]
221 “all-pervading spirit” Powers, Mark Twain, 563.
221 Sideboards, the grandest Williams, Food in the United States, 67.
221 “We had soup first” Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain, 18-20.
222 enormous quantities of butter Unless noted, details on the Twain household’s dining style are from Patti Phillippon, head curator at the Mark Twain House and Museum, personal communication, Sept. 29, 2009.
222 “exquisite cut glass bowl” Grace King Papers, Mss 1282, Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge.
222 “Thanksgiving,” Leary remembered Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain, 70-72.
223 driven to the slaughterhouse James W. Baker, Thanksgiving: The Biography of an American Holiday (Durham: University of New Hampshire Press, 2009), 47-49.
223 “an excellent sauce is made of them” Constance Crosby, “‘The Indians and English use them much,’” in Cranberry Harvest, 19.
223 the season’s single fresh green Baker, Thanksgiving, 55-56.
223 crisp in ice water Kathleen Curtin, Sandra Oliver, and Plimoth Plantation, Giving Thanks: Thanksgiving Recipes and History, from Pilgrims to Pumpkin Pie (New York: Clarkson Potter, 2005), 32.
224 Cranberry Sauce Eliza Leslie, Directions for Cookery, in Its Various Branches’ (Philadelphia: E. L. Carey & Hart, 1840), 169.
225 Cranberry Day Jannette Vanderhoop, Cranberry Day: A Wampanoag Harvest Celebration (Aquinnah, MA: Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head Education Department, 2002).
226 “a Staple means of support” Crosby, “‘The Indians and English use them much,’” 23.
226 peat moss is ideal Jennifer Trehane, Blueberries, Cranberries and Other Vacciniums (Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2004) 38-39.
227 mixed with cornmeal Linda Coombs, personal communication, Oct. 30, 2009.
227 elder Gladys Widdiss Quoted in Crosby, “‘The Indians and English use them much,’” 25.
229 invasives like catbrier Mark Alan Lovewell, “Bonanza Cranberry Harvest Has Island Growers Seeing Good Red,” Vineyard Gazette, Oct. 31, 2008.
232 To Make Cranberry Tarts Hannah Glasse, The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy (1805; Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, 1997), 138.
233 “the country wanteth only industrious men” Winslow, Mourt’s Relation, 83.
233 “two lions roaring exceedingly” Ibid., 46.
233 “their skulls and bones” William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, 1620-1647 (New York: Modern Library, 1981), 97.
234 “in these old grounds” Ibid., 95.
234 “fat and sweet” eels Winslow, Mourt’s Relation, 59.
235 English “harvest home” tradition James Deetz and Patricia Scott Deetz, The Times of Their Lives: Life, Love, and Death in the Plymouth Colony (New York: W. H. Freeman, 2000), 6.
235 “Our harvest being gotten in” Winslow, Mourt’s Relation, 82.
236 “every aspect of Wampanoag life” Nancy Eldredge, “Wampanoag Traditions of Giving Thanks,” in Curtin and Oliver, Giving Thanks, 14.
236 “solemn day . . . set apart and appointed” Edward Winslow, Good Newes from New England: A True Relation of Things Very Remarkable at the Plantation of Plimoth in New England (1624; Bedford, MA: Applewood Books, 1996), 56.
236 “among the rest” Curtin and Oliver, Giving Thanks, 22-24.
236 crops grown in the first year Ibid., 20.
237 the way they did barberries Ibid., 21.
237 “the Indians and English” Crosby, “‘The Indians and English use them much,’” 22.
237 “cramberry-sauce” Simmons, American Cookery, 18.
237 “an officially declared weekday event” Baker, Thanksgiving, 6, 34.
237 the Continental Congress Ibid., 33.
238 “gentry-style meal” Sandra Oliver, Food in Colonial and Federal America (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005), 157-58.
238 oyster soup, boiled cod Wilcox, Buckeye Cookery, 301.
238 shipped thirty barrels Lowrance, “From Swamps to Yards,” 17.
238 even to Europe Eck, The American Cranberry, 6.
238 “pick cranberries from the meadow” Lydia Maria Francis Child, The Frugal Housewife (Boston: Carter and Hendee, 1830), 4.
239 “The roasted turkey took precedence” Sarah Josepha Hale, Northwood; or, Life North and South, 5th ed. (New York: H. Long and Brother, 1852), 89-90.
239 Unitarian reverend