Unbroken_ A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption - Laura Hillenbrand [219]
14 Guard nicknames: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Jean Balch, letter to Legal Section, Prosecution Division, SCAP, January 18, 1948; Boyington, p. 258.
15 Speaking offensively to guards: Boyington, pp. 267–68.
16 Convincing guard that sundial worked at night: Boyington, pp. 264–65.
17 Farting at Hirohito: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Gamble, p. 325.
18 POW diary: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
19 Guards say they shot Lincoln and torpedoed D.C.: Constance Humphrey, “A Taste of Food from Skies,” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, March 29, 1946.
20 Papers stolen during interrogation: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
21 Fall 1943: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Johan Arthur Johansen, Krigsseileren, issue 1, 1990, translated from Norwegian by Nina B. Smith.
22 Officials stealing food: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Boyington, pp. 290–91.
23 “To give you an idea”: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.
24 Smoking: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
25 Collapsing at baseball, editor comes to camp: Ibid.
26 Race against a Japanese runner: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Louis Zamperini, 1946 notes on captive experience.
27 Asking Sasaki to help, Mead and Duva: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
28 Minsaas dies: John A. Fitzgerald, POW diary, Papers of John A. Fitzgerald, Operational Archives Branch, NHC, Washington, D.C.; Johan Arthur Johansen, Krigsseileren, issue 2, 1990, translated from Norwegian by Nina B. Smith; Johan Arthur Johansen, email interview, March 26, 2005.
29 “We … believed”: Johan Arthur Johansen, email interview, March 26, 2005.
30 Christiansen gives coat: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
31 Garrett: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Fred Garrett, affidavit, John D. Murphy Collection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.
32 Tinker: Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005.
33 Mental clarity of Tinker, Harris: Ibid.
34 Louie’s second race: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
35 “made me a professional”: Ibid.
36 Phil taken away: Russell Allen Phillips, affidavit, John D. Murphy Collection, HIA, Stanford, Calif.
37 Zentsuji said to be good camp: Tom Wade, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.
38 Phil sent to Ashio: Kelsey Phillips, “A Life Story,” unpublished memoir.
39 Ashio: Roger Mansell, “Ashio POW Camp,” Center for Research, Allied POWs Under the Japanese, http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/camplists/tokyo/Ashio/ashio_main.html, Palo Alto, Calif. (accessed September 19, 2009).
40 Phil’s letter burned: Russell Allen Phillips, letter to Kelsey Phillips, April 1944; Kelsey Phillips, “A Life Story,” unpublished memoir.
Chapter 21: Belief
1 Sylvia crying: Sylvia Flammer, telephone interviews, October 25, 27, 2004.
2 Zamperinis coping: Ibid.; Peter Zamperini, telephone interviews, October 15, 17, 19, 22, 2004; Peter Zamperini, letter to Louis Zamperini, June 3, 1943.
3 Louise writes to General Hale: Louise Zamperini, diary notes, July 13, 1943; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
4 Louie’s trunk arrives: Louise Zamperini, diary notes, October 6, 1943.
5 Gifts for Louie: Louis Zamperini, letter to Edwin Wilber, May 1946.
6 Christmas card for Louie: From papers of Louis Zamperini.
7 “The entire island”: Eastern Mandates (Washington, D.C.: Center for Military History Publications, 1993), p. 14.
8 Wood slat: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
9 Papers on Kwajalein: John Joseph Deasy, telephone interview, April 4, 2005.
10 “I was happy”: Ibid.
11 Condolence letter: Henry Rahaley, letter to Reverend and Mrs. Phillips, June 16, 1943.
12 Oak-leaf clusters: Reverend Russell Phillips, letter to Cecy Perry, July 28, 1943.
13 Reverend Phillips’s plaque: Reverend Russell Phillips,