Unbroken_ A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption - Laura Hillenbrand [222]
12 “University of Thievery”: Martindale, pp. 168–69.
13 Stealing ingredients for cake: Ibid., p. 128.
14 Louie gets sugar for Tinker: Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
15 Only two deaths after school created: Martindale, p. 169.
16 Louie beaten: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
17 Sakaba watches beating: Ibid.
18 The Bird holding power over superiors: Norquist, p. 279; Wade, p. 120; Weinstein, p. 255.
19 Watanabe’s impunity: Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004.
20 Kind guards: Bush, p. 200; Yuichi Hatto, written interview, August 28, 2004; Boyington, pp. 302–03; Martindale, p. 195; Norquist, p. 288; Gamble, p. 336; Yukichi Kano, “Statement of Yukichi Kano Tokio P.O.W. Camp H.Q. (Omori),” undated, from papers of Robert Martindale.
21 Red Cross inspection: Martindale, p. 123; Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
22 Louie’s defiance: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
23 Postman Calls: E. Bartlett Kerr, Surrender and Survival: The Experience of American POWs in the Pacific, 1941–1945 (New York: William Morrow, 1985), pp. 189–90; “The Zero Hour,” Glasgow.com, http://www.glasglow.com/e2/th/The_Zero_Hour.html (accessed September 25, 2009).
24 Radio message: E. H. Stephan, postcard to Zamperini family, October 18, 1944.
25 Louie knew nothing of broadcast: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
26 Message in Trona: E. H. Stephan, postcard to Zamperini family, October 18, 1944, stamp on card.
Chapter 25: B-29
1 Louie taking wheelbarrow to Tokyo: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
2 State of Tokyo: Milton McMullen, telephone interview, February 16, 2005; Bush, pp. 213, 222–23; Weinstein, p. 248.
3 Graffiti: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
4 B-29: “Boeing B-29 Superfortress,” Military Factory, http://www.militaryfactory.com/aircraft/detail.asp?aircraft_id=82 (accessed October 15, 2009).
5 Steakley’s flight: E. Bartlett Kerr, Flames over Tokyo: The U.S. Army Air Forces’ Incendiary Campaign Against Japan, 1941–1945 (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1991), p. 92.
6 Earlier B-29 raids on mainland Japan: Ibid., pp. 57–60, 64–68.
7 B-29 flying over Omori: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Tom Wade, telephone interview, September 17, 2005; Frank Tinker, telephone interview, February 20, 2005; Martindale, pp. 166–67; Wade, pp. 138–39; Clarke, p. 147; Robert Martindale, telephone interview, January 2, 2005; Tom Wade, telephone interview, January 2, 2005.
8 “It was not their Messiah”: Martindale, p. 176.
9 Smuggling newspapers: Milton McMullen, telephone interview, February 16, 2005.
10 Distortions in Japanese press: Weinstein, p. 242.
11 Plane downed with rice ball: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
12 “Lone enemy B-29 visits Tokyo area”: Norquist, p. 287.
13 FLED IN CONSTERNATION: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.
14 “Niju ku!”: Wade, p. 139.
15 The Bird beats Louie with belt: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Robert Trumbull, “Zamperini, Olympic Miler, Is Safe After Epic Ordeal,” NYT, September 9, 1945.
16 The Bird forces Maher to burn letters: Affidavit, Francis Harry Frankcom, from files on Mutsuhiro Watanabe (Sgt.), vol. 1, 1945–1952, POW 201 File 1945–1947, SCAP, Legal Section, Administrative Division, RAOOH, RG 331, NACP.
17 Radio Tokyo visit: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview; Martindale, pp. 129–30; “42nd Bombardment Squadron: Addendum to Squadron History,” September 11, 1945, AFHRA, Maxwell AFB, Ala.
18 Writing radio address: Louis Zamperini, telephone interview.