Warped Passages - Lisa Randall [239]
electron anomalous magnetic moment 156n
electron antineutrinos 273
electron-positron annihilation 157, 230
electron-positron pair creation 366
electrons
accessibility 161
in atoms 9, 76, 77, 77–8
Compton scattering 124–5, 125
double-slit experiment 133–5, 134, 135, 474n11
as examples of leptons 174, 175, 175, 195, 202, 273
fundamental 78, 152, 161, 171, 195
Gamow on 10
handedness 176
and deep-inelastic-scattering 173
intrinsic spin 146, 164
Maxwell and 9
negative charge 152, 160
and neutron decay 166, 166
and supersymmetry 263, 273–4
probability function for 132–3, 133
quantization 128–30
Stoney and 9
Thomson identifies 126
virtual 227, 227, 230, 230, 231
and wavefunction 128–9, 129, 132, 133, 133, 135
see also QED
electronvolt (eV) 143, 144, 376
electroweak symmetry 218, 219, 241, 242, 244, 249, 265, 388, 409
electroweak theory 163, 217–18
elementary particles
as the building blocks of matter 75, 79
and gravity 78
mass 212, 242, 249, 252, 301
origin of their masses 82
and weak scale energy 144
see also particles
Ellis, John 348n
Emparan, Roberto 432n
empirical observations 67
energy 9, 100, 111–12, 114, 124, 167, 170, 298–300, 332–3, 441, 457, 480n38
large distance interchangeable with low energy 234–5
and mass 101, 114, 144, 160, 169, 210, 220
rescaled in the fifth dimension 399–400
short distance interchangeable with high energy 235
unification 222
vacuum 298–9, 300
see also Planck scale energy; vacuum energy; weak scale energy
Enterprise, USS (in Star Trek) 159
Eöt-Wash experiment 375, 375
Eötvös, Baron Roland von 375
equivalence principle 95, 96, 97, 100, 101, 102
eta particle 171
Euclidian geometry 104
European Organization for Particle Research see CERN
Eve, A.S. 163n
evolutionary biology 116
exponential falloff 479n36
exponential function 480n38
extra dimensions 1–5, 8–9, 12, 17–21, 305, 336–9, 352, 456
collider searches for extra dimensions 346, 352–9, 376, 377–81, 407–412
expecting disparate masses 401–2
experimental constraints without branes 358–60, 361
flat 422–3
and strength of gravity 363, 366, 370–72, 392–402
ignoring 28, 39
“Penrose tiling” 4
size of (with branes) 329–30, 363–84, 419–32
and the weak scale 363, 368–9, 392–402
see also ADD model; branes; brane-worlds; HW; Kaluza-Klein particles; locally localized gravity; rolled-up dimensions; RS1; RS2; sequestering
families 175
Faraday, Michael 153, 154
Fermi, Enrico 146, 167, 169, 181
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), Batavia, Illinois 145, 181, 182, 185, 187, 241, 381
see also CDF; Do experiment; Tevatron
Fermi interaction 169
fermionic dimensions 261
fermions 146–9, 258, 260, 292, 327
Ferrara, Sergio 259n, 261–4
Ferrara-Zumino theory 261, 262
Feynman, Richard 155n, 156–7, 157
Feynman diagram 157, 157, 166, 227, 247
fifth dimension 12, 15, 332, 407, 424, 418n, 419, 421–2, 424, 426, 427, 431
see also locally localized gravity; RS1; RS2; sequestered supersymmetry breaking
fine-tuning 245, 248, 253, 266
Fischler, Willy 452–3
Flatland 18, 20, 21, 51 352–3
flavor symmetry 195, 196
flavor-changing interactions 273–4, 276, 340, 348
flavor-symmetric actions 348
flavors 168, 176, 177–8, 349
Flynn, Jonathan 227–8
force lines 371, 395, 424
force-carrying gauge bosons 79–80, 79
forces
distance and energy dependence 221, 222, 227, 228, 246
and string theory 69
symmetry and 197–201, 202
trapped by branes 55, 57, 59, 62
unification of 270, 272, 404, 406, 413
see also electromagnetism; gravity; strong force; weak force
four dimensions
the Standard Model 71
three dimensions of space and one of time 107
four spatial dimensions 16
Kaluza’s proposal 34
see also five dimensions
free fall 97–9, 98, 108–9
Freedman, Dan 262
Friedman, Jerry 174
Friedman-Kendall-Taylor deep inelastic scattering experiment 173–4, 287
Gabrielse, Gerry 161
galaxies 113, 279
Galileo Galilei 86, 97, 339
Galison, Peter 90
gamma rays 101
Gamow, George 10, 77
Garcia-Bellido, Juan 432n
Gardner, Martin: Annotated Alice 414n
gauge bosons 136, 156, 177, 198, 404
brane-bound