Western Civilization_ Volume B_ 1300 to 1815 - Jackson J. Spielvogel [3]
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
WOMEN IN THE AGE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT: ROUSSEAU AND WOLLSTONECRAFT
Culture and Society in the Enlightenment
Innovations in Art, Music, and Literature
FILM & HISTORY
AMADEUS (1984)
The High Culture of the Eighteenth Century
Crime and Punishment
The World of Medicine
Popular Culture
Religion and the Churches
The Institutional Church
Popular Religion in the Eighteenth Century
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
18 THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: EUROPEAN STATES, INTERNATIONAL WARS, AND SOCIAL CHANGE
The European States
Enlightened Absolutism?
The Atlantic Seaboard States
FILM & HISTORY
MARIE ANTOINETTE (2006)
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM: ENLIGHTENED OR ABSOLUTE?
The Mediterranean World
The Scandinavian States
Enlightened Absolutism Revisited
Wars and Diplomacy
The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748)
The Seven Years’ War (1756–1763)
European Armies and Warfare
Economic Expansion and Social Change
Growth of the European Population
Family, Marriage, and Birthrate Patterns
An Agricultural Revolution?
New Methods of Finance
European Industry
Mercantile Empires and Worldwide Trade
The Social Order of the Eighteenth Century
The Peasants
The Nobility
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE
THE ARISTOCRATIC WAY OF LIFE
The Inhabitants of Towns and Cities
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter Timeline
19 A REVOLUTION IN POLITICS: THE ERA OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND NAPOLEON
The Beginning of the Revolutionary Era: The American Revolution
The War for Independence
Forming a New Nation
Impact of the American Revolution on Europe
Background to the French Revolution
Social Structure of the Old Regime
Other Problems Facing the French Monarchy
The French Revolution
From Estates-General to a National Assembly
Destruction of the Old Regime
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
THE NATURAL RIGHTS OF THE FRENCH PEOPLE: TWO VIEWS
The Radical Revolution
Reaction and the Directory
The Age of Napoleon
The Rise of Napoleon
The Domestic Policies of Emperor Napoleon
Napoleon’s Empire and the European Response
The Fall of Napoleon
Chapter Summary
Chapter Timeline
Chapter Review
GLOSSARY
CHAPTER NOTES
INDEX
DOCUMENTS
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CHAPTER 11
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: CAUSES OF THE BLACK DEATH: CONTEMPORARY VIEWS
Giovanni Boccaccio, Decameron. From The Decameron by Giovanni Boccaccio, trans. by Frances Winwar. Reprinted by permission of The Limited Editions Club.
Geoffrey de Meaux on astrological causes, On Earthquakes as the cause of plague, Herman Gigas on well-poisoning. From Rosemary Horrox, ed., The Black Death (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994).
THE CREMATION OF THE STRASBOURG JEWS
From The Jew in the Medieval World by Jacob R. Marcus. Copyright 1972 by Atheneum. Reprinted with permission of The Hebrew Union College Press.
A REVOLT OF FRENCH PEASANTS
From CHRONICLES by Froissart, translated by Geoffrey Brereton (Penguin Classics, 1968, Revised 1978). Translation copyright © Geoffrey Brereton, 1968. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd.
THE HUNDRED YEARS’ WAR
From CHRONICLES by Froissart, translated by Geoffrey Brereton (Penguin Classics, 1968, Revised 1978). Translation copyright © Geoffrey Brereton, 1968. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd.
A FEMINIST HEROINE: CHRISTINE DE PIZAN ON JOAN OF ARC
From The Writings of Christine de Pizan, edited by Charity Cannon Willard. Copyright © 1994 by Persea Books, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Persea Books, Inc. (New York).
BONIFACE VIII’S DEFENSE