Western Civilization_ Volume B_ 1300 to 1815 - Jackson J. Spielvogel [6]
From Johannes Kepler, Life and Letters by Carola Baumgardt, copyright 1951 by the Philosophical Library. Used by permission.
THE STARRY MESSENGER
From DISCOVERIES AND OPINIONS OF GALILEO by Galileo Galilei, translated by Stillman Drake, copyright © 1957 by Stillman Drake. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: A NEW HEAVEN? FAITH VERSUS REASON
Galileo, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, 1614. From DISCOVERIES AND OPINIONS OF GALILEO by Galileo Galilei, translated by Stillman Drake, copyright © 1957 by Stillman Drake. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
Robert Bellarmine, Letter to Paolo Foscarini, 1615. From Galileo, Science, and the Church by Jerome J. Langford (New York: Desclee, 1966).
NEWTON’S RULES OF REASONING
From Isaac Newton, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, 2 volumes (London, 1803), vol. 2.
THE “NATURAL” INFERIORITY OF WOMEN
From A Political Treatise, Benedict de Spinoza, copyright 1895 by George Routledge & Sons.
THE FATHER OF MODERN RATIONALISM
From Descartes’ Philosophical Writings, translated by Norman Kemp Smith, copyright © 1958 by Macmillan Education. Reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan.
PASCAL: “WHAT IS A MAN IN THE INFINITE?”
From PENSEES by Blaise Pascal, translated with an introduction by A. J. Krailsheimer (Penguin Classics, 1966). Copyright © A. J. Krailsheimer, 1966. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books Ltd.
CHAPTER 17
THE SEPARATION OF POWERS
From Les Philosophes by Norman L. Torrey, copyright
© 1961 by Norman L. Torrey, G. P. Putnam’s Sons, a division of Penguin Putnam, Inc.
THE ATTACK ON RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE
Voltaire, The Ignorant Philosopher. From CANDIDE OR OPTIMISM by Voltaire, translated by John Butt (Penguin Classics, 1947). This edition copyright © John Butt, 1947. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd.
Voltaire, Candide. From CANDIDE OR OPTIMISM by Voltaire, translated by John Butt (Penguin Classics, 1947). This edition copyright © John Butt, 1947. Reproduced by permission of Penguin Books, Ltd.
DIDEROT QUESTIONS CHRISTIAN SEXUAL STANDARDS
From Rameau’s Nephew and Other Works by Denis Diderot. Copyright © 1956 by Jacques Barzun and Ralph Bowen. Used by permission of Jacques Barzun.
A SOCIAL CONTRACT
Extract from A SOCIAL CONTRACT by Jean-Jacques Rousseau translated by Maurice Cranston (translation copyright © Estate Maurice Cranston 1968) is reproduced by permission of PFD (www.pfd.co.uk.) on behalf of the Estate of Maurice Cranston.
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: WOMEN IN THE AGE OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT: ROUSSEAU AND WOLLSTONECRAFT
Rousseau, Emile (1762). Copyright ©1979 Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Michael Wu. Reprinted by permission of Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group.
Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). From Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).
THE PUNISHMENT OF CRIME
From Les Nuits de Paris or Nocturnal Spectator: A Selection, trans. L. Asher and E. Fertig. New York: Knopf, 1964.
THE CONVERSION EXPERIENCE IN WESLEY’S METHODISM
From The Journal of the Reverend John Wesley AM, vol. 2. J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd., 1920.
CHAPTER 18
THE FRENCH KING’S BEDTIME
From Memoirs of the Comtesse de Boigne. Ed. M. Charles Nicoullaud. New York: Heinemann, 1907.
FREDERICK THE GREAT AND HIS FATHER
From Readings in European History, vol. 2, by James Harvey Robinson (Lexington, Mass.: Ginn and Co., 1906).
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS: ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM: ENLIGHTENED OR ABSOLUTE?
Letter of Baron de Breteuil. From G. Vernadsky, A Source Book for Russian History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), Vol. 2.
Catherine II, Proposals for a New Law Code. From Documents of Catherine the Great, W. F. Reddaway © 1931 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with permission of Cambridge University Press.
Decree on Serfs. From G. Vernadsky, A Source Book for Russian History (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972), Vol. 2.
BRITISH VICTORY IN INDIA