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the importance of therapy being forward-looking, rather than focused on the past, should not be construed as an indictment of all psychodynamic therapy. One of the most welcome developments in modern psychoanalysis is the technique of looking in detail at what past conflicts, current conflicts, and conflicts right in therapy have in common. This is done in order to isolate the core conflictual pattern and to deal with the future. (See L. Luborsky, Principles of Psychoanalytic Theory: A Manual for Supportive-Expressive Treatment [New York: Basic Books, 1984].) This is, to my way of thinking, a major advance.

CHAPTER 15 Depth and Change

1. I use the locution unchangeable and not incurable because I want to emphasize that I do not believe that homosexuality (when egosyntonic) is a disease in need of cure.

2. Peter Whybrow has argued that bipolar depression has its roots in seasonal demands on activity expenditure and activity conservation. P. Whybrow, The Hibernation Response (New York: Avon, 1988).

3. But not to be forgotten is the classic story of a “Cotard” patient. Cotard is an extreme form of depression in which you believe you are dead. One Cotard patient was queried about whether dead people bleed. He said, “Of course not.” His therapist then stuck him with a pin.

“I guess dead people do bleed” was his response. Disconfirmation evaded.

4. L. Alloy and L. Abramson, “Judgment of Contingency in Depressed and Nondepressed Students: Sadder but Wiser?” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 108 (1979): 441–85.

Permissions Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgment is made to

the following for permission to reprint

previously published material:

Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc.: Items from “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” from Self-Evaluation Questionnaire—Form Y by C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. E. Lushene, P. R. Vagg, and G. A. Jacobs, copyright © 1977 by Charles D. Spielberger. Modified and reprinted by permission of the publisher, Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303. All rights reserved. Further reproduction is prohibited without the publisher’s written consent.

New Directions Publishing Corporation: “The Mind Is an Ancient and Famous Capitol” from Selected Poems: Summer Knowledge by Delmore Schwartz, copyright © 1959 by Delmore Schwartz. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation.

University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychology: Items 10–20 from Part Two of “State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)” by Charles D. Spielberger, copyright © 1979, 1986, 1988 by Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. Reprinted by permission.

FIRST VINTAGE BOOKS EDITION, JANUARY 2007

Copyright © 1993, 2007 by Martin E. P. Seligman

All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Vintage Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Originally published in hardcover in the United States in slightly different form by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, in 1993.

Vintage and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc.

Owing to limitations on space, acknowledgments for permission to reprint previously published material can be found following the index.

The Library of Congress has cataloged the Knopf edition as follows:

Seligman, Martin E. P.

What you can change and what you can’t : the complete guide to successful

self-improvement / Martin E. P. Seligman.—1st ed.

p. cm.

1. Change (Psychology). 2. Self-actualization (Psychology).

3. Behavior modification.

BF637.C4 S45 1994

158′. 1—dc20

93014757

eISBN: 978-0-307-49870-0

Author photograph © Kyle Cassidy ASC/Pandemon

www.vintagebooks.com

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