Why Darwin Matters_ The Case Against Intelligent Design - Michael Shermer [85]
4. Letter to J. Fordyee reprinted in Gavin De Beer, “Further Unpublished Letters of Charles Darwin,” Annals of Science 14 (1958), p. 88.
5. Charles Darwin letter to Edward Aveling, October 13, 1880, quoted in Desmond and Moore, Darwin, p. 645. See also Stephen Jay Gould, “A Darwinian Gentleman at Marx’s Funeral,” Natural History (September 1999).
6. The conflicting-worlds model of science and religion began in the late nineteenth century with the publication of two influential works that set the tone of the relationship for the next century: John William Draper’s 1874 History of the Conflict between Religion and Science and Andrew Dickson White’s 1896 A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom. Both Draper and White presented simplified histories of the alleged war through such prominent events as the discovery of the earth’s sphericity, Galileo’s heresy trial, and the 1860 Huxley-Wilberforce debate over evolution, all of which historians of science have discovered had a considerably more nuanced history.
7. Pope John Paul II’s definitive statements on the relationship of religion and science, faith and reason, are presented in two encyclicals: Truth Cannot Contradict Truth (1996) and Fides et Ratio (1998).
8. Stephen Jay Gould, “Nonoverlapping Magisteria,” Natural History (March 1997). See also his expanded discussion in Stephen Jay Gould, Rocks of Ages: Science and Religion in the Fullness of Life (New York: Ballantine Books, 1999).
9. Karl Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (New York: Basic Books, 1959), pp. 40–41.
10. R. Sloan, E. Bagiella, and T. Powell, The Lancet Vol. 353 (2000), pp. 664–67. Michael Shermer, “Flying Carpets and Scientific Prayer,” Scientific American (November 2004), p. 35.
11. John Paul II, Truth Cannot Contradict Truth. Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 1996.
8. Why Christians and Conservatives Should Accept Evolution
1. Edward J. Larson and Larry Witham, “Scientists Are Still Keeping the Faith,” Nature Vol. 386 (April 3, 1997), p. 435. The survey of 1,600 scientists was conducted by Elaine Howard Ecklund of Rice University. See Lea Plante, “Spirituality Soars among Scientists,” Science and Theology News (October 2005), pp. 7–8.
2. If someone fully accepts the findings of science but privately believes that the forces of nature as described by science were God’s way of creating the world and its inhabitants, I see no reason to go out of my way to object.
3. President Jimmy Carter’s written statement, issued by the Carter Center on January 30, 2004, and reported widely in the media. See, for example, http://www.cnn.com/2004/EDUCATION/01/30/georgia.evolution/.
4. John Paul II, “Message to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences,” reprinted in The Quarterly Review of Biology Vol. 72, No. 4 (December 1997), pp. 381–83.
5. Pew Research Center for People & the Press survey data available online at http://peoplepress.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=254. Results for this survey were based on telephone interviews conducted under the direction of Princeton Survey Research Associates International among a nationwide sample of 2,000 adults eighteen years of age or older between July 7 and 17, 2005. Harris poll data available online at http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=581.
The Harris poll was conducted by telephone within the United States among a nationwide cross section of 1,000 adults eighteen years of age or older between June 17 and 21, 2005.
6. Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (London: John Murray, 1871), Vol. 1, pp. 71–72.
7. T. H. Huxley, Evolution and Ethics (New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1894).
8. David M. Buss, The Dangerous Passion: Why Jealousy Is as Necessary as Love and Sex (New York: Free Press, 2002). See also David P. Barash and Judith E. Lipton, The Myth of Monogamy: Fidelity and Infidelity in Animals and People (New