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APPENDIX 10

Worst tornadoes in the twentieth century by year

APPENDIX 11

Wind force table

For a house whose face presents an area of 400 square feet, we can predict the following approximate lateral inertial forces as the wind speed increases:

APPENDIX 12

Canadian wind chill index (in degrees Celsius and wind speeds in kilometers per hour)

Air Temperature

Air Temperature

From -25° to —340: Frostbite likely after prolonged skin exposure to wind

From —350 to —6o°: Frostbite possible in less than 10 minutes

Below -6o°: Frostbite possible in less than 2 minutes

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

And many thanks to Peter Barss, Peter Bowyer, Dereck Day, Chris Fogarty, Tamara Gates-Hollingsworth, Bill Gilkerson, Nicole Meoli, Don Sedgwick and Shaun Bradley, Bruce Whiffen, and the forecasters of the national hurricane centers in Miami, Florida, and Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.

NOTES

Note: For full publishing data of the books cited, see bibliography.

CHAPTER ONE

Wind's Mystery and Meaning

Information in this chapter comes from a variety of sources; most are cited in the text. Particularly useful were David E. Newton's quirky but informative Encyclopedia of Air, Sebastian Smith's lyrical memoir of sailing in the Mediterranean, Southern Winds, and Jan DeBlieu's Wind, which covers much of the same ground as this volume. DeBlieu brings a poet's eye to her meditations on wind.

1 Newton, Encyclopedia of Air, pp. 132-33, as quoted in Golden Bough. From Encyclopedia of Air by David E. Newton, copyright 2003 by David E. Newton,©reproduced with permission by Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, CT.

2 Smith, Southern Winds, p. 100. From Southern Winds, by Sebastian Smith, copyright Sebastian Smith 2004, Penguin, London.

3 Dorson, Buying the Wind, pp. 32-33.

4 Quoted in Newton, Encyclopedia of Air, p. 133.

5 From the Flat Earth Society Web site, an elaborate spoof compiled by "Lee Harvey Oswald Smith." www.cloudwall.com.

6 Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology, p. 144.

7 Smith, Southern Winds, p. 30.

8 These are the "named winds" listed on Whirling Winds of the World (www.cloudwall.com): Abroholos, Afternoon Burner, Antane, Aspre, Auster, Austru, Autun, Badisad obistroz, Barat, Barber, Barines, Barrier winds, Belat, Bellot, Berg, Bhoot, Bise, Black South Easter, Blue Norther, Bochorno, Bo-horok, Bolon, Bora, Boreas, Bornan, Brickfielder, Bricklayer, Brisote, Broeboe, Bruscha, Buran, Burga, Candlemas Crack, Candlemas Eve, Canterbury Northwester, Cape Doctor, Cers, Chabascos, Chamsin, Chergui, Chinook, Choco-latta, Chocolatero, Coho, Collada, Contrastes, Cook Strait Southerly, Cordonazo, Coromell, Cowshee, Craudelaire, Criador, Crivetz, Descuernac-cabras, Diablo, Dog's Tongue, Dusenwind, Dzhani, El Cierzo, Elephanta, Etesian, Etobicoke Echo, Euraquilo, Euroclydon, Eurus, Foeh, Foehn, Fremantle Doctor, Gallego, Galerna, Garbin, Garigliano, Gending, Ghibli, Gharbi, Glaves, Golfada, Greco, Gregale, Grigale, Guba, Gully Squall, Guxen, Guzzle, Haboob, Haize-Beltza, Halny Wiatr, Harmattan, Havgull, Helm, Hora, Hot Busters, Ibe, Jauch, Jauk, Jochwinde, Joran, Junkwinde, Junta, Juran, Kachchan, Kaikias, Kal Baisahki, Karaburan, Karajol, Kapalilua, Kaus, Kesisleme, Khamsin, Kharif, Kloof, Knik, Kona, Koshava, Kuban, Laawan, Labbe, Lansan, Laventera, Leste, Levante, Levanter, Leveccio, Leveche, Liberator, Lips, Livas, Ljuka, Llebetjado, Lodos, Lombarde, Loo, Luganot, Maestro, Maestrale, Maloja, Marajos, Marin, Matacabras, Matanuska, Mauka, Meltemi, Minuano, Mistral, Mono, Morget, Muscat, Nashi, Nevada, Newall Winds, Night Winds, Nirta, Nortes, Notus, Oberwind, Ora, Orsure, Palouser, Pampero, Panas Oetara, Papagayos, Paramito, Passat, Piner, Piterak, Polacke, Poniente, Ponente, Poriaz, Pruga, Puelche, Puna, Purga, Pyrn, Rachas, Rebat, Reshabar, Robin Hood's Wind, Roger, Rondada, Rotenturm Wind, Rotetur, Safid Rud, Sahel, Samiel, Sansar, Santa Ana, Sarca, Scirocco, Seca, Seistan, Shaluk, Shamal, Sharav, Sharki, Siffanto, Simoom, Simoon, Simoun, Skiron, Sky Sweeper, Sno,