Witchcraft in Early North America - Alison Games [61]
17. The Country Justice, quoted in Hester, “Patriarchal Reconstruction,” 296.
18. Hans Peter Broedel, The Malleus Maleficarum and the Construction of Witchcraft (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003), 169–71.
19. Broedel, Malleus Maleficarum, 176.
20. Bengt Ankarloo, “Sweden: The Mass Burnings (1668–1676),” in Ankarloo and Henningsen, eds., Early Modern European Witchcraft, 315.
21. Ankarloo, “Sweden,” 303.
22. Reginald Scot, The Discoverie of Witchcraft (Arundel, UK: Centaur Press, 1964), 39.
23. Christina Larner, “Crimen Exceptum? The Crime of Witchcraft in Europe,” in V. A. C. Gatrell, Bruce Lenman, and Geoffrey Parker, eds., Crime and the Law: The Social History of Crime in Western Europe since 1500 (London: Europa Publications, 1980), 57.
24. Levack, Witch-Hunt, 22, 215–16, 218–19.
25. Levack, Witch-Hunt, 98.
26. Richard S. Dunn, James Savage, and Laetitia Yeandle, eds., The Journal of John Winthrop, 1630–1649 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996), 715.
27. For an interesting account of God’s providences, see “Extracts from John Eliot’s Records of the First Church of Roxbury, Massachusetts,” in John Demos, ed., Remarkable Providences: Readings on Early American History, 2nd ed. (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1991), 447–49. For more on this world of wonders, see David D. Hall, Worlds of Wonder, Days of Judgment: Popular Religious Belief in Early New England (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990).
28. Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 62–63.
29. James H. Sweet, Recreating Africa: Culture, Kinship, and Religion in the African-Portuguese World, 1441–1770 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003), 161; John K. Thornton, The Kongolese Saint Anthony: Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonian Movement, 1684–1706 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998), 42.
30. Jason R. Young, Rituals of Resistance: African Atlantic Religion in Kongo and the Lowcountry South in the Era of Slavery (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2007), 105.
31. Robin Law, ed., The English in West Africa, 1685–1688 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), part 2, 252, 334; part 3, 491.
32. Young, Rituals of Resistance, 54, 113, quotation from 110.
33. Douglas B. Chambers, Murder at Montpelier: Igbo Africans in Virginia (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2005), 23, 52.
34. Jean Barbot, Barbot on Guinea: The Writings of Jean Barbot on West Africa, 1678–1712, ed. P. E. H. Hair, Adam Jones, and Robin Law (London: Hakluyt Society, 1992), 1:85–86.
35. Sweet, Recreating Africa, 162–63; John K. Thornton, “Cannibals, Witches, and Slave Traders in the Atlantic World,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Series, 55, no. 2 (April 2003): 273–94. On Dona Beatriz, see Thornton, Kongolese Saint Anthony.
36. There were, of course, exceptions among chroniclers, including Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of New Spain (Salt Lake City: University of Utah, 1950–1982).
37. Fernando Cervantes, The Devil in the New World: The Impact of Diabolism in New Spain (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994), 3.
38. Quoted in Matthew Dennis, “American Indians, Witchcraft, and Witch-Hunting,” OAH Magazine of History 17, no. 4 (July 2003): 21.
39. “Observations by Master George Percy, 1607,” in Lyon Gardiner Tyler, ed., Narratives of Early Virginia, 1606–1625 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1907), 6.
40. José de Acosta, Natural and Moral History of the Indies, ed. Jane Mangan (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002), 254.
41. Irene Silverblatt, Moon, Sun, and Witches: Gender Ideologies and Class in Inca and Colonial Peru (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 173, 177–78. For a sensitive discussion of the challenges of reading Spanish