Witchcraft in Early North America - Alison Games [68]
209. On Tenskwatawa’s code, see White, Middle Ground, 506–10. The classic study of Handsome Lake is Anthony F. C. Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York: Knopf, 1969).
210. Cave, “Failure,” 449.
211. Jesuit Relations, 13:157.
212. Gregory Evans Dowd, A Spirited Resistance: The North American Indian Struggle for Unity, 1745–1815 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 128.
213. Dowd, Spirited Resistance, 136–37.
214. Wallace, Death and Rebirth of the Seneca, 236. The child was the daughter of Cornplanter, an important Seneca leader.
215. Merle H. Deardorff and George S. Snyderman, eds., “A Nineteenth-Century Journal of a Visit to the Indians of New York,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 100, no. 6 (December 1956): 591.
216. James E. Seaver, A Narrative of the Life of Mrs. Mary Jemison (Canadaigua: J. D. Bemis and Co., 1824), 106–7, quotation from 106.
217. Seaver, Narrative, 183–84; Matthew Dennis, Seneca Possessed: Indians, Witchcraft, and Power in the Early American Republic (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010), 96.
218. Cave, “Failure,” 455–56. See also Jay Miller, “The 1806 Purge among the Indiana Delaware: Sorcery, Gender, Boundaries, and Legitimacy,” Ethnohistory 41, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 246–66.
219. Cave, “Failure,” 461–62. See also the account provided in Joseph Badger, A Memoir of Rev. Joseph Badger (Hudson, OH: Sawyer, Ingersoll and Company, 1851), 145, quotation from 147.
220. Dowd, Spirited Resistance, 114, 137, 139.
221. White, Middle Ground, 499.
222. On the Spanish Inquisition and witchcraft, see Henry Kamen, The Spanish Inquisition: An Historical Revision (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1997), 270–76.
223. Scot, Discoverie, 78
224. George Gifford, A Discourse of the subtill Practices of Devilles by Witches and Sorcerers (London, 1587), and A Dialogue concerning Witches and Witchcraftes: in which is laide open how craftily the Divell deceiveth not onely the Witches but many other and so leadeth them awrie into many great Errours (London, 1593).
225. Excerpts from Johann Weyer, On the Illusions of the Demons and on Spells and Poisons, in Brian Levack, ed., The Witchcraft Sourcebook (New York: Routledge, 2004), 282–83.
226. Clark, Thinking with Demons, 118.
227. Burr, ed., Narratives, 173.
228. Norfolk Wills and Deeds C, 1651–1656, fol. 157, Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.
229. This discussion of Winthrop’s skepticism and of the Hartford witch hunt draws on Woodward, “New England’s Other Witch-Hunt,” 16–20.
230. Salem Witchcraft Papers, 3:971.
231. Robert Calef, More Wonders of The Invisible World (London, 1700), 105.
232. Marion Gibson, ed., Witchcraft and Society in England and America, 1550–1750 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003), 7.
233. Pennsylvania Gazette, July 18, 1787.
234. Pennsylvania Gazette, July 25, 1787.
235. Edmund S. Morgan, “The Witch and We, the People,” American Heritage, August–September 1983, 6–11.
236. Quoted in William L. Stone, The Life and Times of Red-Jacket (New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1841), 320–21.
237. Sidney L. Harring, Crow Dog’s Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 37–38.
238. Harring, Crow Dog’s Case, 117, 172–73, 233, 268–73.
239. Kriebel, Powwowing, 115–21.
240. On the murder of “demonic” children by their parents, see, for example, the starvation of Kimberly McZinc in Florida in 1988; the bludgeoning death of Amora Bain Carson in East Texas in 2008; or the death by punching and kicking of a two-year-old in Turlock, California, in front of appalled witnesses in 2008. Javon Thompson was stomped to death in 2006 by members of his mother’s religious group, One Mind Ministries, in an effort to expel his demons because he would not say “Amen.” In 2003, an autistic child suffocated during an exorcism at Faith Temple Church of the Apostolic Faith