Wonders of the Universe - Brian Cox [102]
Anderson, John 120
Andromeda (M31 galaxy) 13, 25, 25, 29, 48–9, 48, 49, 52, 149, 169, 169, 170, 170, 171, 171
Apollo 8 8, 162
Apollo 11 96
Apollo 15 145
Apollo 17 156, 157, 166, 167
Arches Cluster 26–7, 26
Aristotle 38, 56
Armstrong, Neil 96, 161
arrow of time 212–13, 219, 239, 240
asteroids 134–5, 164, 165
atom:
formation of 69
stability of 181
atomic clock 209
‘atomic hypothesis’ 79
Australopithecus 47
B
Bagmati river 80–1, 80
barred spiral galaxy 28
Bell, Jocelyn 177, 180, 182
Betelgeuse (star) 120, 120, 121, 121, 123, 130, 130, 131, 131, 133
Big Bang 9, 62, 106–7
as the beginning of time 10
CMB as evidence of 66, 68, 69, 70–1
Hubble expansion as evidence of 65
inflation and 71
pre-10
raw material of human being and 11
spacetime and 65, 67
standard model 108–9
symmetry-breaking events 106
timeline of the universe and 110–11
black dwarf 129, 237, 239
black holes 24, 129, 205, 206, 235
anatomy of 196–7
detecting 12
gravity and 151
mass scales with galaxy size 238
Milky Way and 36, 148, 149, 195 quasars and 177
Sagittarius A* 26, 149, 149, 195, 195
S2 and 36
supernova and 84
Boltzmann, Ludwig 217, 219
Boomerang Nebula 231
Boreman, Frank 8
Brahe, Tycho 151
branes 10
Bunsen, Robert 98, 99
Burgess Shale, Canada 72–3, 72, 73, 75
C
Calabash Nebula 124, 124
California, gold mining in 126, 127
Cambrian Explosion 72–3, 75
Cape Observatory, South Africa 98
Carina Nebula 74–5, 74–5
Cassini, Giovanni 40, 164
Cassiopeia (constellation) 48, 48, 49
Cat’s Eye Nebula 125, 125
Cavafy, C.P. 10
Cepheid variables 60, 65
centrifuge 174–5
CERN, Geneva 12, 78, 79, 106
Chaco Canyon Great Houses, New Mexico 177, 177, 178–9, 178–9
Chandra X-ray observatory 83, 239
Chandrasekhar limit 181, 182
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan 181
Chankillo, Peru 201–3, 201, 202, 203
Chesterton, G.K. 8
Clark, Alvan Graham 231
Clausius, Rudolf 214, 215, 217
cosmic clock 39, 40–1
Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) 66, 69, 70–1
Cosmos (Sagan) 177
‘cosmological redshift’ 64–5
Crab Nebula 176, 176, 177, 179, 180, 180, 181, 181, 182
D
dark matter/energy 24, 65, 222, 224
dating, carbon and radioactive 27
dawn of time 46–7
Degenerate Era 234, 235
Democritus 79, 91
Deneb (star) 230, 231, 231
Descartes. René 32, 38, 58, 59, 150
Draco (constellation) 190, 191
Duillier, Nicolas Fatio de 164
‘Dwingeloo 1’ (galaxy) 13, 13
Dyson, Freeman 180–1
E
Earth 204, 205
age of 205
blue marble 166–7, 166–7
death of 230, 232, 240, 241
elements see elements
gravity and see gravity
light and see light
orbit 39, 39, 149, 202, 204–5
Eddington, Sir Arthur 188, 189, 213, 215, 219
Eduard Bohlen 234–5
Egypt, ancient 17–19, 83, 209
Einstein, Albert 10, 11, 12, 36, 43, 65, 145, 151, 185, 188, 188, 189–93, 194, 195, 213
El Tatio geysers, Chile 103, 104–5, 104, 105 Electromagnetic Induction, Faraday’s Law of 36
electromagnetism:
Big Bang and 106
force of nature 140
light as an electromagnetic wave 36, 37, 43
spectrum 59, 68, 69, 168
stability of elements and 116
stars and 122
strength of 151, 174
electron 69, 79, 101, 114, 130, 181, 194, 195, 209, 210, 222
electron degeneracy pressure 181, 194, 195
elements, chemical 79
atomic explosions and 115
construction of 113, 114
Periodic Table of 94–5
rarest of all 126–7
role in human history 114
Empedocles 38
entropy:
arrow of time and 219, 221
destiny of stars and 228
in action 216–19, 216–17, 218, 219
randomness and 215
ESA (European Space Agency) 75, 85, 135, 158
Eskimo Nebula 124, 124
Eta Carinae (star) 30, 31, 75
Euclid 38, 150
Euler, Leonhard 34
European Southern Observatory (ESO) La Silla Observatory, Chile 75, 85
evolutionary Big Bang 72–3, 75
exoplanets, how to find 88–9
extraterrestrial life 84, 175, 177
eye, emergence of the 72–3, 75
F
Faraday, Michael 36, 37
Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction 36
Fermi, Enrico 115
fermions 181, 194
Fish River Canyon, Nambia 152–3, 153, 154, 154, 166
Fornax (constellation) 54
Fraunhofer lines 99
Fraunhofer, Joseph von 98, 99
G
Gagarin, Yuri 141, 142, 143
galactic halo 27