Writing Analytically, 6th Edition - Rosenwasser, David & Stephen, Jill [6]
Try This 18.4: Experiment with Coordination, Subordination, and the Order of Clauses
Parallel Structure: Put Parallel Information into Parallel Form
Try This 18.5: Find Examples of Parallelism
Try This 18.6: Correct Errors in Parallelism
Two Powerful Forms of Parallelism: Antithesis and Chiasmus
Periodic and Cumulative Sentences: Two Effective Sentence Shapes
The Periodic Sentence: Delay Closure to Achieve Emphasis
The Cumulative Sentence: Start Fast to Build Momentum
Try This 18.7: Write Periodic and Cumulative Sentences
Cut Extra Words to Achieve Greater Directness
Beginning With “It Is” or “There Is”: Advantages and Disadvantages
Static versus Active Verbs: “To Be” Or “Not To Be”
Try This 18.8: Finding the Active Verb
Active and Passive Voice: Emphasizing the Doer or the Action
Try This 18.9: Converting Passive to Active
Sentence Style in Science Writing: A Biochemistry Professor Speaks
Voices From Across the Curriculum
About Prescriptive Style Manuals: A Word of Warning
Experiment!
Guidelines
Assignments
CHAPTER 19 Revising for Correctness: Grammar and Punctuation
The Concept of Basic Writing Errors (BWEs)
Why Grammar Errors Make Some People So Angry
Usage: How Language Customs Change
Usage: Some Examples of Right & Wrong versus Etiquette
When Usage Begins to Change Grammar
Usage as Cultural Marker
Try This 19.1: Discover the Rationale for Usage Choices
What Punctuation Marks Say: A Quick-Hit Guide
Nine Basic Writing Errors and How to Fix Them
Some Advice on Proofreading
BWE 1: Sentence Fragments
Noun Clause (No Predicate) as a Fragment
Verbal as a Fragment
Subordinate Clause as a Fragment
Test Yourself 19.1: Fragments
Using Dashes and Colons to Correct Fragments
BWE 2: Comma Splices and Fused (or Run-On) Sentences
Comma Splice
Comma Splice
Cures for the Perpetual Comma Splicer
Fused Sentence
Comma Splices with Conjunctive Adverbs
Test Yourself 19.2: Comma Splices
BWE 3: Errors in Subject–Verb Agreement
Agreement Problem: plural subject, singular verb
Agreement Problem: singular subject, plural verb
Agreement Problem: “each” must take singular verb
Test Yourself 19.3: Subject-Verb Agreement
A Note on Dialects and Standard Written English
BWE 4: Shifts in Sentence Structure (Faulty Predication)
Faulty Predication
Test Yourself 19.4: Faulty Predication
BWE 5: Errors in Pronoun Reference
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Test Yourself 19.5: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement
Ambiguous Reference
Test Yourself 19.6: Ambiguous Reference
Broad Reference
Test Yourself 19.7: Broad Reference
A Note on Sexism and Pronoun Usage
BWE 6: Misplaced Modifiers and Dangling Participles
Misplaced Modifier: modifier appears to modify wrong word
Misplaced Modifier: modifier appears to modify wrong word
Dangling Participle: subject that participle modifies does not appear in the sentence
Test Yourself 19.8: Modification Errors
BWE 7: Errors in Using Possessive Apostrophes
Apostrophe Error
Test Yourself 19.9: Possessive Apostrophes
BWE 8: Comma Errors
Comma Error: comma missing after introductory phrase
Comma Error: comma missing after introductory phrase
Comma Error: two commas needed around parenthetical element
A Note on Restrictive versus Nonrestrictive Elements
Comma Error: two commas needed around parenthetical element
Comma Error: restrictive elements should not be enclosed within commas
Comma Error: no comma setting off restrictive clause
Test Yourself 19.10: Comma Errors
BWE 9: Spelling/Diction Errors That Interfere with Meaning
Spelling/Diction Error: “It’s” versus “Its”
Spelling/Diction Error: “Their” versus “There” versus “They’re”
Spelling/Diction Error: “Then” versus “Than”
Spelling/Diction Error: “Effect” versus “Affect”
Test Yourself 19.11: Spelling/Diction Errors
Glossary of Grammatical Terms
Assignments
CHAPTER 19 Appendix
Index
Preface
* * *
When we first contemplated writing this book two decades ago, we wanted to produce a short monograph that would provide some kind of lingua franca for