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Your Medical Mind_ How to Decide What Is Right for You - Jerome Groopman [119]

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of popular ratings of physicians on the Web. Many of these profiles are derived from testimonials and often have no filter. Some of the vignettes on the Internet may be accurate, while other stories reflect the opinions of particular patients who were delighted with their physicians or became alienated, each for reasons that may not be relevant to you.

115 Mary Frances Luce at Duke University summarized her own work and the work of several other researchers in decision making and coping: Mary Frances Luce, “Decision making as coping,” Health Psychology 24 (2005), pp. S23—S28. There is extensive literature on the psychology of coping with illness. Some of the articles most relevant to Julie Brody’s concerns about finding “the best of the best” and understanding the elements of her relationship with her doctor that foster coping include Susan Folkman, “Personal control and stress and coping processes: A theoretical analysis,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46 (1984), pp. 839–852; and Amy B. Goldring et al., “Impact of health beliefs, quality of life, and the physician-patient relationship on the treatment intentions of inflammatory bowel disease patients,” Health Psychology 21 (2002), pp. 219–228. Research specific to coping with breast cancer includes Vicki S. Helgeson, Pamela Snyder, Howard Seltman, “Psychological and physical adjustment to breast cancer over 4 years: Identifying distinct trajectories of change,” Health Psychology 23 (2004), pp. 3–15; Sharon R. Sears, Annette L. Stanton, Sharon Daoff-Burg, “The yellow brick road and the emerald city: Benefit finding, positive reappraisal coping, and posttraumatic growth in women with early-stage breast cancer,” Health Psychology 22 (2003), pp. 487–497; and Lesley F. Degner et al., “Information needs and decisional preferences in women with breast cancer,” JAMA 277 (1997), pp. 1485–1492.

115 Decisional conflict is a major area of study in psychology. For a seminal paper, see Amos Tversky, Eldar Shafir, “Choice under conflict: The dynamics of deferred decision,” Psychological Science 3 (1992), pp. 358–361. Some relevant articles on this topic in patient choice include France Legare et al., “The effect of decision aids on the agreement between women’s and physicians’ decisional conflict about hormone replacement therapy,” Patient Education and Counseling 50 (2003), pp. 211–221; Annie LeBlanc, David A. Kenny, Annette M. O’Connor, France Legare, “Decisional conflict in patients and their physicians: A dyadic approach to shared decision making,” Medical Decision Making 29 (2009), pp. 61–68; Annette M. O’Connor et al., “Do patient decision aids meet effectiveness criteria of the International Patient Decision Aid Standards Collaboration? A systematic review and meta-analysis,” Medical Decision Making 27 (2007), pp. 554—574; and France Legare et al., “Are you SURE? Assessing patient decisional conflict with a 4-item screening test,” Canadian Family Physician 56 (2010), pp. E308–E314.

117 The paradigm of hot/cold decision making is presented in George Loewenstein, “Hot-cold empathy gaps and medical decision making,” Health Psychology 24 (2005), pp. S49—S56. The potential benefit of anticipatory regret is to be found in Terry Connolly and Jochen Reb, “Regret in cancer-related decisions,” Health Psychology 24 (2005), pp. S29—S34.

118 The 2007 survey of how patients choose their doctors is found in Ha T. Tu, Johanna R. Lauer, “Word of mouth and physician referrals still drive health care provider choice,” HSC Research Brief (Center for Studying Health System Change, Washington, DC) 9 (December 2008). The failure of quality metrics and physician report cards to encompass physician judgment is powerfully presented in Danielle Ofri, “Quality measures and the individual physician,” NEJM 363 (2010), pp. 606–607. An analytical study from the RAND Corporation highlighting the deficiencies of rating systems based on cost efficiency is found in John L. Adams, Ateev Mehrotra, J. William Thomas, Elizabeth A. McGlynn, “Physician cost profiling: Reliability and risk of misclassification,

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