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Your Medical Mind_ How to Decide What Is Right for You - Jerome Groopman [127]

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by Dr. Muriel Gillick is in Muriel R. Gillick, “Reversing the code status of advance directives?” NEJM 362 (2010), pp. 1239–1240. This was in response to an outlier study in the same issue of the New England Journal of Medicine: Maria J. Silveira, Scott Y. H. Kim, Kenneth M. Langa, “Advance directives and outcomes of surrogate decision making before death,” NEJM 362 (2010), pp. 1211–1218.

159 We have discussed the difficulty in forecasting preferences under circumstances that have not yet been experienced. In addition to the studies cited in chapters 3 and 5, see Jodi Halpern, Robert M. Arnold, “Affective forecasting: An unrecognized challenge in making serious health decisions,” JGIM 23 (2008), pp. 1708–1712; Peter H. Ditto et al., “Context changes choices: A prospective study of the effects of hospitalization on life-sustaining treatment preferences,” Medical Decision Making 26 (2006), pp. 313–322; Peter H. Ditto, Nikki A. Hawkins, “Advance directives and cancer decision making near the end of life,” Health Psychology 24 (Suppl. 4) (2005), pp. S63—S70.

166 The research assessing early introduction of palliative care in patients with lung cancer is in Jennifer S. Temel et al., “Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer,” NEJM 363 (2010), pp. 733–742. The accompanying editorial by Drs. Kelley and Meier is in Amy S. Kelley, Diane E. Meier, “Palliative Care: A shifting paradigm,” NEJM 363 (2010), pp. 781–782.

167 On the difficulty in having conversations around end-of-life wishes, see Timothy E. Quill, “Initiating end-of-life discussions with seriously ill patients: Addressing the ‘elephant in the room,’” JAMA 284 (2000), pp. 2502–2507; Stephen J. McPhee et al., “Finding our way: Perspectives on care at the close of life,” JAMA 284 (2000), pp. 2512–2513.

182 The collection of narratives from bereaved family members in Connecticut is in Terri R. Fried, John R. O’Leary, “Using the experience of bereaved caregivers to inform patient- and caregiver-centered advance care planning,” JGIM 23 (2008), pp. 1602–1607.

183 The effort to have physicians write specific orders about life-sustaining treatments in the patient chart at admission to hospital: Diane E. Meier, Larry Beresford, “POLST offers next stage in honoring patient preferences,” Journal of Palliative Medicine 12 (2009), pp. 291–295; Laura Landro, “New efforts to simplify end-of-life care wishes,” Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2011.

CHAPTER 9: WHEN THE PATIENT CAN’T DECIDE

185 The study on hospitalized patients unable to decide for themselves: Vanessa Raymont et al., “Prevalence of mental incapacity in medical inpatients and associated risk factors: Cross-sectional study,” Lancet 364 (2004), pp. 1421–1427. Also see Jason H. T. Karlawish, “Competency in the age of assessment,” Lancet 364 (2004), pp. 1383–1384; Shaun T. O’Keeffe, “Mental capacity of inpatients,” Lancet 365 (2005), pp. 568–569.

188 For the story of the discovery of hepatitis B, see “The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976,” Baruch S. Blumberg, Autobiography, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1976/blumberg-autobio.html.

189 Hepatitis B treatment and liver transplantation: Robert P. Perrillo, Andrew L. Mason, “Hepatitis B and liver transplantation: Problems and promises,” NEJM 329 (1993), pp. 1885–1887; Morris Sherman et al., “Entecavir therapy for lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B: Improved virologic, biochemical, and serology outcomes through 96 weeks,” Hepatology 48 (2008), pp. 99–108.

189 In 1990, Dr. Joseph Murray of the Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, with Dr. E. Donnall Thomas of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, shared the Nobel Prize for transplantation: Joseph E. Murray, Nobel Lecture, http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1990/murray-lecture.html.

190 The assessment of patients with advanced liver disease for transplantation and differences among different medical centers: Mohamad R. Al Sibae, Mitchell S. Cappell, “Accuracy of MELD

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