1861_ The Civil War Awakening - Adam Goodheart [240]
90. Klein, Days of Defiance, p. 273; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 41.
91. Frederick Douglass, “The Inaugural Address,” Douglass’ Monthly, April 1861, in Philip Foner, ed., The Life and Writings of Frederick Douglass (New York, 1952), vol. 3, p. 71.
92. Cincinnati Daily Commercial, Feb. 26 and 27, 1861; David M. Potter, The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861 (New York, 1976), pp. 562–63; Henry Adams, “The Great Secession Winter of 1860–61,” in George Hochfield, ed., The Great Secession Winter of 1860–61 and Other Essays by Henry Adams (New York, 1958), pp. 25–29; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, pp. 98–99.
93. Francis Bail Pearson, Ohio History Sketches (Columbus, 1903), pp. 139ff.; Edward Deering Mansfield, Personal Memories, Social, Political, and Literary (Cincinnati, 1879), pp. 219ff.; “Ohio Governors: Thomas Corwin, 1840–1842,” Ohio Historical Society website, www.ohiohistory.org; Potter, Lincoln and His Party, p. 37; “Thomas Corwin, of Ohio, by a Buckeye,” Holden’s Dollar Magazine, vol. 5, no. 2 (Feb. 1850), pp. 97ff.
94. Potter, The Impending Crisis, pp. 530–31; Stampp, And the War Came, p. 131. The actual Thirteenth Amendment, of course, would be the one that abolished slavery in 1865.
95. Since the Corwin amendment was passed by the House and Senate, it is still technically pending and could be ratified with the support of thirty-three states.
96. Klein, Days of Defiance, pp. 305–09; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 47; Philadelphia Inquirer, Mar. 4, 1861; New York Herald, Mar. 5, 1861; CG, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, pp. 1375ff.; Boston Daily Advertiser, Mar. 6, 1861.
97. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, pp. 60–62; William Lee Miller, President Lincoln: The Duty of a Statesman (New York, 2008), p. 13.
98. The original draft of the First Inaugural is in the Library of Congress, and is reproduced on its website at www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures.
99. Douglass, “The Inaugural Address,” in Foner, Life and Writings, pp. 72ff.; Burlingame, unedited version of Abraham Lincoln (online at www.knox.edu/documents/pdfs/LincolnStudies), pp. 2230–01. Douglass continued: “Some thought we had in Mr. Lincoln the nerve and decision of an Oliver Cromwell; but the result shows that we have merely a continuation of the Pierces and Buchanans, and that the Republican President bends his knee to slavery as readily as any of his infamous predecessors.” In chastising Lincoln on his pledge to enforce fugitive-slave laws, he also referred to the Bagby case: “The hunting down [of] a few slaves, the sending back of a few Lucy Bagleys [sic], young and beautiful though they be, to the lust and brutality of the Border States, is to the rapacity of the rebels only as a drop of water upon a house in flames.”
100. CG, p. 1378.
101. Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, pp. 69ff. Months later, just after the Battle of Bull Run, Lincoln would remark that the tussle over the Bloomington position had caused him more annoyance than any other event of his presidency so far.
102. Nelson D. Lankford, Cry Havoc! The Crooked Road to the Civil War, 1861 (New York, 2007), pp. 35–36; Kirwan, John J. Crittenden, p. 425ff; Gunderson, Old Gentlemen’s Convention, pp. 95–96.
103. Daily National Intelligencer, Mar. 6, 1861; Lankford, Cry Havoc!, p. 35.
104. Report of the Select Committee on Weights and Measures, April 10, 1861, in JAG Papers.
105. Cincinnati Gazette, n.d., quoted in Ohio Statesman, Feb. 28, 1861.
106. Jacob Dolson Cox, Military Reminiscences of the Civil War (New York, 1900), vol. 1, p. 2.
Chapter Four: A Shot in the Dark
Epigraph: “Rise, Lurid Stars” is a poem in fragmentary form, unpublished in Whitman’s lifetime. The manuscript is at Yale, which dates it to 1881, but Ted Genoways, Walt Whitman and the Civil War: America’s Poet During the Last Years of 1860–1862 (Berkeley, Calif., 2009), more convincingly proposes a date in the early months of 1861 (pp. 89–90).
1. James Chester, “Inside Sumter in ’61,” in Battles and Leaders