1861_ The Civil War Awakening - Adam Goodheart [246]
109. Winfield Scott to AL, Apr. 13, 1861, AL Papers.
110. Milwaukee Sentinel, Apr. 13, 1861.
111. Walt Whitman, Memoranda During the War (Bedford, Mass., 1990), p. 78; New York Herald, Apr. 5, 1861; Alan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong (Seattle, 1988), p. 182.
112. Whitman, Memoranda, p. 78; New York Tribune, Apr. 13–16, 1861; New York Herald, Apr. 15, 1861; Mark Neely and Harold Holzer, The Union Image: Popular Prints of the Civil War North (Chapel Hill, 2000), p. 3; Brooklyn Eagle, Apr. 15, 1861; Strong Diary, in Nevins and Thomas, p. 182.
113. Brooklyn Eagle, Apr. 15, 1861; New-York Tribune, Apr. 15, 1861; New York Herald, Apr. 13 and 15, 1861; Imogene Spaulding, “The Attitude of California to the Civil War,” Quarterly of the Historical Society of Southern California, vol. 9, p. 122.
114. Nicolay and Hay, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 4, pp. 68–75; Burlingame, Abraham Lincoln, vol. 2, p. 132.
115. Isaac W. Hayne to AL, Apr. 13, 1861, and H. W. Denslow to AL, Apr. 13, 1861, both in AL Papers. Information on the identity of Homer W. Denslow of Savannah is from the 1860 Census. He would later go on to serve as a Confederate officer. Hayne, the attorney general of South Carolina, had been one of the state’s commissioners to Washington during the secession crisis. Both telegrams are marked as having been received at the telegraph office in Washington on April 13, though there is no way to know when Lincoln saw them. Denslow’s reads simply: “Fort Sumter has surrendered there is nobody hurt.” Hayne offered a few more (just slightly inaccurate) details: “Fort Sumter has surrendered unconditionally & not a Carolinian hurt the stars & stripes were hauled down & the white flag raised precisely at half past one (1) oclock.”
116. New-York Tribune, Apr. 16, 1861; Reid Mitchell, Civil War Soldiers (New York, 1988), p. 17.
117. James A. Garfield to Harry Rhodes, Apr. 13/14, 1861, JAG Papers.
118. Mayer, All on Fire, pp. 517–18; Liberator, Apr. 26, 1861.
119. Philadelphia Press, Apr. 15, 1861, in Nelson Lankford, Cry Havoc! The Crooked Road to Civil War, 1861 (New York, 2007), p. 92; Neely and Holzer, The Union Image, pp. 9–12.
120. Bruce Catton, This Hallowed Ground: The Story of the Union Side of the Civil War (New York, 1956), p. 20; Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, vol. 1: The Improvised War (New York, 1959), pp. 75–76.
121. Neely and Holzer, The Union Image, p. 8; Henry Ward Beecher, Patriotic Addresses in America and England (New York, 1887), p. 297.
122. “Civilization at a Pinch,” Ralph Waldo Emerson Papers, Harvard University; Eduardo Cadava, Emerson and the Climates of History (Stanford, Calif., 1997), p. 28; James Elliot Cabot, A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson (Boston, 1887), vol. 2, pp. 599–602.
123. Cf. Nevins, The War for the Union, vol. 1, pp. 72–73: “Once fully established, such political separations—like those of Southern Ireland from Britain, Norway from Sweden, Pakistan from India—have a way of making themselves permanent.”
124. New York Daily News, n.d., quoted in New-York Tribune, Apr. 16, 1861.
125. Albert D. Kirwan, John J. Crittenden: The Struggle for the Union (Lexington, Ky., 1962), pp. 425–34, 446–48.
126. Lydia Maria Child to Mrs. S. B. Shaw, May 5, 1861, in Letters of Lydia Maria Child (Boston, 1883), pp. 150–51.
127. Russell, My Diary, p. 79.
128. Doubleday, Reminiscences, pp. 164–67.
129. OR I, vol. 1, pp. 23–24; Doubleday, Reminiscences, pp. 171–73; Detzer, Allegiance, pp. 307–10; Crawford, History of the Fall, pp. 447–48.
Chapter Five: The Volunteer
1. New York Herald, Apr. 19–21, 1861.
2. [John Hay], “Ellsworth,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1861.
3. Luther E. Robinson, “Elmer Ellsworth, First Martyr of the Civil War,” Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society for the Year 1923, p. 112.
4. Ruth Painter Randall, Colonel Elmer Ellsworth: A Biography of Lincoln’s Friend and the First Hero of the Civil War (Boston, 1960), p. 27.
5. Ibid, pp. 23–26. The painting is preserved in the Illinois State