1861_ The Civil War Awakening - Adam Goodheart [249]
81. OR, series III, vol. 1, pp. 73, 106.
82. Wiley, Billy Yank, p. 18.
83. Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale, Ill., 2000), p. 120; Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, III, vol. 1, pp. 140, 77–78, 175–76. In his reply to Pug-o-na-ke-shick through a state official, Secretary Cameron cordially thanked the chief, but regretted that “the nature of our present national troubles, forbids the use of savages.”
84. A. M. Green, “The Colored Philadelphians Forming Regiments,” in Letters and Discussions on the Formation of Colored Regiments, and the Duty of the Colored People in Regard to the Great Slaveholders’ Rebellion (Philadelphia, 1862), p. 3.
85. Harlan Hoyt Horner, Lincoln and Greeley (Westport, Conn., 1971), pp. 176–78.
86. James Nye, quoted in William Harlan Hale, Horace Greeley: Voice of the People (New York, 1950), p. 244.
87. Lincoln to Ellsworth, Apr. 15, 1861, in The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (New Brunswick, N.J., 1953), vol. 4, p. 333.
88. New-York Tribune, May 25, 1861.
89. Harper’s Weekly, Apr. 11, 1857.
90. A. E. Costello, Our Firemen: A History of the New York Fire Departments, Volunteer and Paid (New York, 1887), pp. 559–702, passim.
91. Most fires broke out at night, when an overturned lamp or an unattended candle could set a building aflame.
92. Costello, Our Firemen, pp. 171–72; Paul C. Ditzel, Fire Engines, Firefighters: The Men, Equipment, and Machines from the Earliest Days to the Present (New York, 1986), pp. 65–69.
93. Costello, Our Firemen, pp. 610, 588.
94. Terry Golway, So Others Might Live: A History of New York’s Bravest (New York, 2002), pp. 85–91.
95. Luc Sante, Low Life (New York, 1991), pp. 77–78.
96. Costello, Our Firemen, pp. 125–44.
97. New-York Tribune, Apr. 18, 1861.
98. Reprinted in Milwaukee Daily Sentinel, Apr. 22, 1861.
99. New York Herald, Apr. 18, 1861; Brooklyn Eagle, Apr. 20, 1861.
100. New York Herald, Apr. 19, 1861.
101. Brooklyn Eagle, Apr. 20, 1861; New York Herald, Apr. 18, 1861.
102. New York Herald, Apr. 30, 1861.
103. New York Herald, Apr. 21, 1861; James McPherson, Battle-Cry of Freedom, p. 327; John Hay, Apr. 20, 1861, in Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale, Ill., 1999), p. 5.
Chapter Six: Gateways to the West
1. See Mark Twain’s famous firsthand description of a Pony Express rider passing in Roughing It (Hartford, 1872), pp. 70–72. For the landscape of the Carson Valley near Fort Churchill, see Sir Richard F. Burton, The City of the Saints, and Across the Rocky Mountains to California (New York, 1862), pp. 492–93; Horace Greeley, Overland Journey from New York to San Francisco in the Summer of 1859 (New York, 1860), pp. 272–76. For details of the Overland Telegraph Company operations in the spring of 1861, see James Gamble, “Wiring a Continent,” The Californian, vol. 3, no. 6 (June 1881), pp. 556ff; Carlyle N. Klise, “The First Transcontinental Telegraph,” master’s thesis, Iowa State University, 1937, esp. chap. 4.
2. National Register of Historic Places Inventory, Nomination Form, “Fort Churchill,” 1978.
3. San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, May 27, 1861.
4. Christopher Corbett, Orphans Preferred: The Twisted Truth and Lasting Legend of the Pony Express (New York, 2003), pp. 87–88; Twain, Roughing It, pp. 70–71; Daily Evening Bulletin, May 29, 1861.
5. Southerners opposed the act’s passage, fearing—correctly—that the line would take a northern rather than a southern route (Klise, “The First Transatlantic Telegraph,” pp. 26–29).
6. Robert Luther Thompson, Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States (Princeton, 1947), pp. 348–58.
7. Ibid., pp. 290–92; Klise, “The First Transcontinental Telegraph,” p. 37.
8. Jeptha Homer Wade Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, passim; Gamble, “Wiring a Continent.” Wade acted as Sibley’s agent in San Francisco.
9. “Across the Continent,” Continental Monthly, vol. 1, no. 1