1861_ The Civil War Awakening - Adam Goodheart [253]
51. Anzeiger des Westens, Oct. 29, 1860, in Rowan and Primm, Germans for a Free Missouri, p. 136; San Francisco Bulletin, Oct. 19, 1860; Bruce Levine, “Immigrants, Class, and Politics: German-American Working People and the Fight Against Slavery,” in Charlotte L. Brancaforte, ed., The German Forty-Eighters in the United States (New York, 1989), p. 131.
52. Elbert B. Smith, Francis Preston Blair (New York, 1980), pp. 245–47; Speech of Hon. Francis P. Blair, Jr., of Missouri, on the Acquisition of Central America (Washington, D.C., 1858).
53. Missouri Republican, Dec. 25, 1860, Feb. 13 and 25, Mar. 2, 1861; Gerteis, Civil War St. Louis, pp. 79–80; Phillips, Damned Yankee, pp. 136–37; Boernstein, Memoirs of a Nobody, pp. 275–76; Engle, Yankee Dutchman, p. 52; Peckham, Gen. Nathaniel Lyon, pp. 36–38.
54. Gerteis, Civil War St. Louis, p. 85; Basil W. Duke, The Civil War Reminiscences of General Basil W. Duke, C.S.A. (New York, 2001), pp. 37–38; Boernstein, Memoirs of a Nobody, p. 269.
55. Missouri Republican, Nov. 4, 1860 and Jan. 20 and Feb. 13, 1861.
56. Herr, Jessie Benton Frémont, p. 312.
57. Ibid., pp. 310–15; Denton, Passion and Principle, pp. 484–85; Nevins, Pathmarker, p. 468; JBF to Elizabeth Blair Lee, June 14, 1860, in Herr and Spence, Letters, pp. 229–31; JBF, “A Home Found, and Lost.”
58. Hershel Parker, Herman Melville: A Biography, vol. 2 (Baltimore, 2002), pp. 449–50; Gary Scharnhorst, Bret Harte: Opening the American Literary West (Norman, Okla., 2000), pp. 16–20; JBF to Thomas Starr King, Jan. 16, 1861, in Herr and Spence, Letters, pp. 233–34; Catherine Coffin Phillips, Jessie Benton Frémont: A Woman Who Made History (San Francisco, 1935), pp. 231–32; JBF, Souvenirs, pp. 204–05; Denton, Passion and Principle, pp. 280–81; Elizabeth B. Frémont, Recollections of Elizabeth Benton Frémont, Daughter of the Pathfinder John C. Frémont and Jessie Benton Frémont His Wife (New York, 1912), p. 119.
59. John D. Baltz, Hon. Edward D. Baker, U.S. Senator from Oregon (Lancaster, Pa., 1888), pp. 9–10.
60. San Francisco Bulletin, Oct. 18 and 27, 1860.
61. Herr, Jessie Benton Frémont, p. 316; Scharnhorst, Bret Harte, pp. 17–18. Scharnhorst also says that Harte was “waving the Stars and Stripes” during his outburst, although the newspaper account does not mention this.
62. Mrs. Frémont herself said as much in an 1864 letter, though many attributed the original quotation to Winfield Scott; others to Lincoln himself. It might not have been literally true (and if either Scott or Lincoln ever made the remark, no written evidence of it survives). See Edwin P. Whipple, Substance and Show, and Other Lectures, by Thomas Starr King, p. xviii, etc. (Lincoln); Cincinnati Daily Gazette, Nov. 6, 1876 (Scott).
63. Robert Monzingo, Thomas Starr King: Eminent Californian, Civil War Statesman, Unitarian Minister (Pacific Grove, Calif., 1991), pp. 32–33, 58; Herr, Jessie Benton Frémont, pp. 314–15; JBF, “A Home Found, and Lost.”
64. Charles Wendte, Thomas Starr King, Patriot and Preacher (Boston, 1921), pp. 1–10; William Day Simonds, Starr King in California (San Francisco, n.d.), pp. 5–8.
65. Wendte, Thomas Starr King, passim; Richard Peterson, “Thomas Starr King in California, 1860–64: Forgotten Naturalist of the Civil War Years,” California History, vol. 69, no. 1 (Spring 1990), pp. 12–21; Kevin Starr, Americans and the California Dream, 1850–1915 (New York, 1986), pp. 97–105. King read Walden in an advance proof in 1855; he praised its concluding section for “being more weird and winding further into the awful vitalities of nature than any writing I have yet seen” (Wendte, p. 46).
66. King did not entirely leave New England behind: he crossed the steaming Isthmus of Panama laden with a monstrous baggage train that contained, among other things, overcoats, shawls, bottles of cider, pots of pickled oysters, and bundles of sermons. Wendte, Thomas Starr King, p. 78.
67. Ibid., p. 69.
68. Shortly after his arrival in California, he wrote: “Early in May, in New England, people