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7. Homeostasis refers to

(A) arousal of the sympathetic nervous system

(B) a tendency for individuals to behave consistently when highly motivated

(C) a need state resulting from the physiological experience of hunger or thirst

(D) the body’s tendency to maintain a balanced internal state

(E) the second stage of Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

8. During junior high, the typical student is preoccupied with making friends. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs is he/she satisfying?

(A) fundamental needs

(B) safety needs

(C) love and belonging needs

(D) esteem needs

(E) self-actualization

9. Adit really likes the appearance of the Chevy Blazer his friend is selling, but knows he should be more conservative with his money. What type of conflict situation is he facing?

(A) approach-approach

(B) approach-avoidance

(C) avoidance–avoidance

(D) multiple approach–avoidance

(E) no conflict because he either buys it or he doesn’t

10. The number one tennis player on last year’s squad does not find her name on the list of students who made this year’s team. Which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is she most likely experiencing?

(A) alarm

(B) resistance

(C) denial

(D) competence

(E) exhaustion

11. Which of the following characteristics of the Type A personality is most positively correlated with having a heart attack?

(A) competitive

(B) eating quickly

(C) impatient

(D) ambitious

(E) hostile

12. Terrence’s parents were excited by his recent interest in reading science fiction novels. They bought him toy science fiction characters and praised him for reading the books. When they stopped giving him praise and toys, they were dismayed that he quit reading. Terrence’s behavior best illustrates

(A) the overjustification effect

(B) overlearning

(C) internal locus of control

(D) the self-fulfilling prophecy

(E) drive reduction theory

13. Which of the following most accurately reflects our current understanding of basic facial expressions?

(A) Facial expressions are universally recognized and displayed by all cultures.

(B) Anger is easily interpreted as a facial expression by most cultures and displayed by all in similar situations.

(C) Facial expressions are universally recognized, but highly variable in how they are displayed.

(D) Cultures vary in their interpretation and display of the six most common facial expressions.

(E) Facial expressions are learned through modeling of basic facial expressions by parents.

14. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH) are most closely associated with which of the following motivated behaviors?

(A) hunger

(B) thirst

(C) sex

(D) anxiety

(E) happiness

15. Selection of moderately challenging tasks characterizes the behavior of people who have a

(A) fear of failing

(B) high need for achievement

(C) fear of success

(D) low need for achievement

(E) inferiority complex

Answers and Explanations

1. E—Imprinting is the tendency for the newborn of some animals, such as ducklings and goslings, to follow the first moving object they see or hear.

2. C—Sociobiologists assume that human and animal behavior is based on a biological imperative to ensure survival of genetic material into the next generation. They believe that altruism—selfless behavior—is an instinct that serves this goal.

3. B—Incentive theory discusses both the primary motives, such as hunger and sex, that push behavior, and the secondary motives, like achievement and money, that are pulled by incentives or rewards found in the environment.

4. B—According to the Yerkes-Dodson inverted U graph of arousal, average tasks require a moderate level of arousal, very difficult tasks like this one require a moderately low level of arousal, and very easy tasks require a moderately high level of arousal. Very low and very high arousal levels are never optimal because we need some arousal to do well, but too high a level agitates