• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

(A) self-esteem and self-efficacy

(B) ideal self and real self

(C) locus of control and self-actualization

(D) conditions of worth and locus of control

(E) ego strength and need for approval

7. Nomothetic studies CANNOT provide information about

(A) unique personality characteristics of an individual

(B) common traits that characterize most people

(C) personality dimensions that differentiate normal people from people with psychological disorders

(D) traits more common in older people compared with children

(E) personality characteristics of a typical teenager

8. Bertha is tall, thin, and frail. She enjoys studying and reading science fiction novels. She prefers to be alone rather than in a large group. According to Sheldon’s somatotype theory of personality, she is

(A) an endomorph

(B) an ectomorph

(C) a mesomorph

(D) an extrovert

(E) an introvert

9. The most commonly used personality assessments are

(A) projective tests

(B) naturalistic observations

(C) structured interviews

(D) self-report inventories

(E) behavior assessments

10. Self-efficacy, according to Bandura, is

(A) how you view your worth as a person

(B) how you think about your self-image

(C) all you know about your deficiencies and weaknesses as a person

(D) what others have conditioned you to see in yourself

(E) how competent you feel to accomplish tasks and goals

11. Mother Theresa’s altruism showed in everything she did. According to Allport’s trait theory, Mother Theresa’s altruism was

(A) a common trait she shared with most other religious people

(B) a cardinal trait

(C) one of several central traits that characterized her exceptional life

(D) basically inherited from her father

(E) a surface trait that was visible to others

12. Adler would not have agreed with the importance of which of the following ideas?

(A) birth order

(B) styles of life

(C) striving for superiority

(D) fictional finalism

(E) womb envy

13. Roberto believes that he is the master of his ship and in charge of his destiny. According to Rotter’s theory of personality, Roberto has

(A) an external orientation to the world about him

(B) an internal locus of control

(C) an extraverted personality

(D) a low sense of self-efficacy

(E) a positive self-image, but is not self-actualized

14. Collective-efficacy would probably be more beneficial than self-efficacy for achieving group goals in

(A) Canada

(B) England

(C) Puerto Rico

(D) South Korea

(E) Monaco

15. A relatively permanent characteristic of personality that can be used to predict behavior is

(A) the id

(B) the ego

(C) the superego

(D) a defense mechanism

(E) a trait

Answers and Explanations

1. C—Reaction formation is the defense mechanism that involves acting exactly opposite of what we feel. The boy is actually sad, but acts as if he is glad.

2. C—The ego mediates between the id and the superego, and operates on the reality principle.

3. B—Humanists believe that humans are born good and that we are all naturally motivated to seek our full potential, but conditions of worth and our wish for society’s approval sometimes make us select a less productive path.

4. C—Rooting for the underdog is a universal theme in our collective unconscious, according to Jung. Whether it’s David and Goliath or the home team who hasn’t won a game all season, we instinctively align ourselves with the underdog.

5. A—Projective tests are designed to uncover thoughts, conflicts, and feelings in the unconscious mind. The Thematic Apperception Test, with its ambiguous pictures to interpret, is a good example of such a test.

6. B—Ideal self and real self. Rogers believed that our ideal self is what we think society wants us to be and our real self is our natural self, which is good by nature. He believed that the differences between these two account for problems that we need to overcome in order to become fully functioning.

7. A—Nomothetic measures tend