• Choose a category
• All
• Classic-Fiction

Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)—attitudinal change through two routes: central or peripheral.

Central route of persuasion—relatively stable change by carefully scrutinizing facts, statistics, and other information.

Peripheral route of persuasion—pairs superficial positive factors (supermodels and celebrities) with an argument leading to less stable change in attitudes.

Communicators should be experts, likable, admired, and good-looking.

Messages should be geared to the audience—one-sided if in agreement, two-sided if audience differs.

Informational social influence—accepting others’ opinions about reality, especially in conditions of uncertainty.

Normative social influence—going along with the decisions of a group in order to gain its social approval.

Aggression—the intention to do harm to others.

• Instrumental aggression—to achieve some goal.

• Hostile aggression—to inflict pain upon someone else.

Though Freud and Lorenz believed aggression is innate, the fact that different cultures display differing levels of aggression supports the belief that aggression is learned.

Table 18.1 Overview of Social Psychological Experiments

STEP 5

Build Your Test-Taking Confidence

AP Psychology Practice Exam 1 and Answers

AP Psychology Practice Exam 2 and Answers

AP Psychology Practice Exam 1

ANSWER SHEET FOR MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

AP Psychology Practice Exam 1

SECTION I

Time—70 minutes

100 Questions

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your car?

(A) olfactory receptors

(B) gustatory receptors

(C) feature detectors

(D) basilar membrane

(E) pacinian corpuscles

2. A population frequently studied to best assess the relative effects of nature vs. nurture is

(A) identical twins

(B) identical quadruplets

(C) adopted children and their adoptive parents

(D) couples who have been married for many years

(E) families with genetic diseases

3. After watching cartoons in which characters hit, punch, and kick other characters, nursery school students engage in more aggressive behavior than after watching Barney. This observation best supports

(A) psychoanalytic theory

(B) psychodynamic theory

(C) social learning theory

(D) humanistic theory

(E) opponent process theory

4. The smallest unit of language that carries meaning is a

(A) concept

(B) word

(C) phoneme

(D) morpheme

(E) grammar

5. Nat’s therapist tells him to relax, close his eyes, and breathe slowly whenever he begins to experience fear associated with being in an enclosed space. The therapist is using a technique that is central to

(A) person-centered therapy

(B) psychoanalysis

(C) rational-emotive therapy

(D) Gestalt therapy

(E) systematic desensitization

6. Which of the following perspectives is most concerned with self-esteem and actualizing one’s potential?

(A) humanistic

(B) behavioral

(C) cognitive

(D) psychodynamic

(E) sociocultural

7. A therapist used the Rorschach inkblot test to help him analyze his patient’s problems. He was most likely a

(A) psychoanalyst

(B) person-centered therapist

(C) behavioral psychologist

(D) certified clinical social worker

(E) psychiatrist

8. A pigeon trained to peck at a green light pecks at a yellow light also. This illustrates

(A) generalization

(B) discrimination

(C) extinction

(D) spontaneous recovery

(E) shaping

9. Who would most likely have said, “People are basically good”?

(A) Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud

(B) Behaviorist B. F. Skinner

(C) Cognitivist Albert Ellis

(D) Humanist Carl Rogers

(E) Gestaltist Fritz Perls

10. More than half of the volume of the human brain is composed of the

(A) cerebral cortex

(B) septum, amygdala, hippocampus, and cingu-late cortex

(C) medulla, pons, and cerebellum