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(D) hypothalamus and thalamus

(E) olfactory bulbs, optic chiasma, pituitary gland, and reticular formation

11. Joey, a 25-year-old convict, has a history of conduct disorder in elementary school and bullying in junior high. By high school, he was mugging peers and taking whatever he wanted from elderly shoppers without caring if he hurt anyone. Joey would most likely be diagnosed with

(A) antisocial personality disorder

(B) dissociative identity disorder

(C) paranoid schizophrenia

(D) somatoform disorder

(E) amnesia

12. Your little cousin watches you at the computer, and when you get up he immediately tries to use the keyboard. His behavior in this situation can best be explained on the basis of

(A) superstition

(B) classical conditioning

(C) operant aversive conditioning

(D) modeling

(E) discrimination

13. Although Andy wanted to cut class to get to the Yankee opener, he came to class to take a quiz and review for an exam. According to Freud, this behavior evidences a strong

(A) egocentricity

(B) super id

(C) id

(D) superego

(E) libido

14. An unjustifiable and usually negative attitude toward a group and its members is called

(A) prejudice

(B) ethnocentrism

(C) in-group bias

(D) discrimination

(E) scapegoating

15. Which approach emphasizes that therapists can effectively help their clients by offering unconditional positive regard?

(A) Gestalt therapy

(B) cognitive therapy

(C) humanistic therapy

(D) behavior modification

(E) psychoanalysis

16. Some groups of gang members wear head coverings and sunglasses when they assault people. The use of such disguises contributes to

(A) social loafing

(B) cognitive dissonance

(C) learned helplessness

(D) deindividuation

(E) the fundamental attribution error

17. Of the following, which is characteristic of formal operational thinking?

(A) simple motor responses to sensory stimuli

(B) failure to understand reversibility

(C) capacity to deal well with concrete objects, but not hypothetical situations

(D) logical reasoning and systematic planning

(E) magical thinking and egocentrism

18. Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with both Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia?

(A) acetylcholine

(B) dopamine

(C) serotonin

(D) endorphins

(E) GABA

19. Today, it is unlikely that a psychologist could condition a baby to fear a rat and other small animals in a research study at a university because

(A) no parent would permit a child to participate in such a study

(B) the study violates ethical guidelines

(C) babies are too young to fear small animals

(D) conditioning experiments are no longer done

(E) fear of animals is inborn

20. According to Adler, firstborn children are more likely than subsequent children in a family to be

(A) sociable

(B) funny

(C) responsible

(D) followers

(E) liberal

21. Brenda gets enraged when people criticize her, talks about becoming the first woman president, exaggerates her abilities and talents, takes advantage of classmates, and constantly demands attention in class. When she received a certificate for participating in an essay contest, she told everyone she’d won a prestigious writing award. She most likely would be diagnosed as evidencing

(A) hypochondriasis

(B) disorganized schizophrenia

(C) antisocial personality disorder

(D) narcissistic personality disorder

(E) clinical depression

22. “Psychology is the science of behavior and mental processes,” commonly defines psychology. In their definition of psychology, behaviorists would be likely to eliminate

I. science

II. behavior

III. mental processes

(A) I only

(B) II only

(C) III only

(D) I and III only

(E) I, II, and III

23. According to Erikson, a young adult’s developmental crisis centers around

(A) intimacy vs. isolation

(B) identity vs. role confusion

(C) autonomy vs. shame and guilt

(D) industry vs. inferiority

(E) generativity vs. stagnation

24. The perceived volume of a tone