5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [185]
• sample
• assignment
• independent variable
• dependent variable
• experimental group
• control group
• possible confounding variable
• how you would determine whether or not the drug is effective
END PRACTICE EXAM
Answers and Explanations
Section 1
1. A—(Chapter 8) Olfactory (smell) receptors in the nasal passages would detect the gas molecules and send impulses directly to the brain for fast perception and response.
2. A—(Chapter 13) Identical twins. Since they share the same genes, the difference between them would be a result of nurture. Identical quadruplets would be extremely rare and so it would be difficult to find a large enough sample size for a study.
3. C—(Chapter 10) The children’s more aggressive behavior following the more violent cartoon supports Albert Bandura’s social learning theory of aggression studied in the Bobo doll study.
4. D—(Chapter 11) A morpheme is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning. Although a phoneme is the smallest unit of language, it may have no meaning.
5. E—(Chapter 17) Systematic desensitization is a behavior therapy especially effective in the treatment of phobias such as claustrophobia in this question. The patient learns through classical conditioning to replace the fear with relaxation.
6. A—(Chapter 12) Humanistic perspective pioneer Abraham Maslow places self-esteem and finally self-actualization as higher needs in his hierarchy of needs theory of motivation.
7. A—(Chapter 14) The Rorschach inkblot test is a projective test designed to reveal the unconscious mind and is a technique quite useful to the psychoanalytic therapist.
8. A—(Chapter 10) When the pigeon sees the yellow light instead of the green one, he generalizes his pecking response to a similar stimulus. The pigeon can be taught to discriminate between the two colored lights, but has not yet been trained to do so.
9. D—(Chapter 14) Carl Rogers is a humanistic psychologist who believes like Maslow that people are born good and that only the conditions of worth placed on the individual by society change this natural tendency.
10. A—(Chapter 7) Over half of the brain’s volume is composed of the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex is the section of the brain thought to be responsible for higher thought processing and covers all of the other structures of the brain.
11. A—(Chapter 16) Joey seems to have antisocial personality disorder. He shows no guilt when he hurts others. The condition is first evident in teen years, as in this case, and the criminal behavior often accelerates over time.
12. D—(Chapter 10) Modeling is a social cognitive process in which new behavior is learned by watching others and then imitating their actions.
13. D—(Chapter 14) Freud’s superego operates on the morality principle and, thus, overrides the impulse to cut class in this example and causes Andy to do the right thing by attending class.
14. A—(Chapter 18) Prejudice is the unjustifiable negative attitude toward a group and its members, while discrimination would be acting upon this attitude.
15. C—(Chapter 17) One technique used by Carl Rogers in his client-centered humanistic therapy is to give unconditional positive regard to his clients to undo the effects of conditions of worth and to allow the individual to realize his positive actualizing potential.
16. D—(Chapter 18) People dressed alike or disguised can easily lose their sense of identity and become less self-aware, which are characteristics of deindividuation.
17. D—(Chapter 13) Piaget’s formal operational thought is the final stage of reasoning, characterized by hypothetical thought, systematic planning, and abstract, logical reasoning abilities.
18. B—(Chapter 7) In patients with Parkinson’s disease, damage occurs in the dopamine-rich substantia nigra. With the degeneration of these neurons, movement