5 Steps to a 5 AP Psychology, 2010-2011 Edition - Laura Lincoln Maitland [186]
19. B—(Chapter 6) Watson and Raynor’s classic study involving classical conditioning of fear in 9-month-old baby Albert would today violate the APA ethical guidelines that prohibit physical or mental suffering by subjects.
20. C—(Chapter 14) Adler’s classic theory of birth order has suggested that since oldest children grow up in a world of adults, they often show responsibility for younger siblings and develop into responsible adults.
21. D—(Chapter 16) Brenda’s constant attention-seeking and egotistical attitudes are classic markers of the narcissistic personality.
22. C—(Chapter 5) Behaviorists discount the role of “mentalistic” aspects that cannot be directly observed.
23. A—(Chapter 13) Erikson’s sixth stage of psychosocial development occurs during young adulthood and is marked by the crisis of intimacy vs. isolation—a desire to form closer bonds to others. Many marriages are the result of this growing sense of intimacy, and difficulty in forming relationships may indicate tendencies toward isolation.
24. C—(Chapter 8) The height of the wave or its amplitude allows us to perceive loudness from sound waves.
25. B—(Chapter 11) Shannon’s inability to think of using her jeans and sweater as a pillow is an example of functional fixedness—not seeing unusual uses of familiar objects.
26. C—(Chapter 14) In his hierarchy of needs, Maslow theorizes that lower level needs must be met before higher level needs can be attained. Self-actualization is the uppermost need and cannot be attempted until esteem needs, the need level below it, are satisfied.
27. A—(Chapter 14) The MMPI-2 is the most widely used self-report inventory for personality assessment.
28. C—(Chapter 17) Behaviorists believe that we learn new behavior through rewards and punishment. Any maladaptive behavior can be changed by altering the consequences of that behavior.
29. D—(Chapter 11) Insight learning is the sudden appearance of a solution when directed thinking is no longer being utilized. As Scott consciously shifted his attention to other matters, the solution to the anagram appeared.
30. A—(Chapter 16) Paranoid schizophrenics suffer from disordered thinking and often have delusions of persecution and hallucinations.
31. A—(Chapter 6) Jyoti is utilizing the naturalistic observation technique frequently used by behaviorists.
32. B—(Chapter 8) White is the appearance of reflected wavelengths of all colors.
33. C—(Chapter 15) Used on the old Stanford-Binet intelligence tests, the Intelligence Quotient originally coined by William Stearns represents your mental age divided by your chronological age multiplied by 100. Your mental age is a measure of your intellectual development relative to others.
34. D—(Chapter 13) Kubler-Ross’s classic study of 200 terminal cancer patients determined their emotional reactions followed a similar pattern. Denial is followed by the emotions of anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
35. C—(Chapter 7) The sympathetic nervous system is the part of the autonomic nervous system activated in stressful situations. When Jared realizes the shadows are just that, the parasympathetic nervous system will be activated to return his body to homeostasis.
36. E—(Chapter 9) Narcotics or opiates are the classification of drugs most used to relieve patients’ pain. Because they are highly addictive, a doctor must prescribe their limited use.
37. A—(Chapter 16) One of the characteristics of the manic high is an inflated ego and sense of euphoria. The patient has little need for sleep during this phase of the condition.
38. A—(Chapter 11) According to the serial positioning effect, words at the beginning of the list are stored in your long-term memory. Words remembered at the end of the list are in your short-term memory, which lasts only 20 + seconds and would be forgotten 2 days later. Poorest recall would occur for words in the middle of