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21 PARLEY AT LEULINGHEN: Chron. C6, II, 77–83; Froissart (who was present), Berners ed., VI, 110–21.

22 THOMAS OF GLOUCESTER: ibid.

23 CHARLES vi’s PERIODS OF MADNESS: Chron. C6, II, 87–91, 405, 455; Barante, II, 110–11, 223–24; Collas, 260; Thibault, 222–24.

24 WILLIAM OF HAINAULT: Darimesteter, 38. ON MENTAL ILLNESS: E. Wright, 356.

25 ISABEAU’S CONDUCT: Collas, 297; Thibault, 265, 281, 290, 316. “THIS RIDICULOUS TRIBUNAL”: Juvenal des Ursins, q. Mazas, IV, 181. Founded in 1400 with the intention of honoring women and cultivating poetry, the Cour Amoureuse included one member who was convicted of attempted rape in 1405, and another who kidnapped a dame d’honneur (whom he later married after repudiating his wife). Among other members of all classes were the vocal advocates of the Roman de la Rose, Jean de Montreuil, and Pierre and Gontier Col. (A. Piaget, “Cour Amoureuse,” Romania, XX, 447.)

26 MARQUIS DE SADE: see Bibliography. Written in 1813, this was his last book, not published until 1953. Sade claimed to have found at Dijon the transcript of the trial of Louis de Bourdon, the Queen’s lover, who revealed under torture her part in the crimes of the reign. Unhampered by the disappearance of the transcript in the destruction of the library by the “Huns of the French Revolution,” the Marquis was able, 40 years after reading it, to write the biography ascribing to Isabeau responsibility for every “drop of blood spilled in this terrible reign.” In his version, she prostituted herself to Craon to contrive the attack on Clisson, gave Charles the poisons that caused his madness, arranged for the appearance of the madman in the forest of Mans, planned the fatality of the Dance of the Savages, acted as accomplice in the murder of her former lover Louis d’Orléans, coupled in the slums with thieves and murderers, poisoned three of her own children, and delivered Joan of Arc to the Inquisition. Sade was a one-cause historian.

27 DUG DE SULLY: q. François Guizot, Hist, of France, trans., New York, 1885, III, 9.

Chapter 25—Lost Opportunity

For the efforts to end the schism, the death of Clement, the election of Benedict, and his refusal to abdicate, the chief primary source is the Monk of St. Denis (Chron. C6, II, 131–317), who was obviously more interested in, and closer to the struggle than Froissart (KL, XIV–XV). Both are supplemented by Valois, II–III; Jarry, “Voie de Fait,” 523–41; Creighton. Where not otherwise stated, the above are the sources for the events in this chapter that relate to the schism.

1 SPINELLI’S ARGUMENT: q. Chamberlin, 153.

2 COUCY’S MISSION TO AVIGNON: KL, XIV, notes, 422–26; Durrieu, “Adria,” 13–64; Jarry, Orléans, 117; Mirot, “Politique,” 527; Lehoux, II, 296.

3 NOBLES FEARED COMMONERS’ ARCHERY: Chron. C6, II, 131. Also Jean Juvenal des Ursins, q. Fowler, Plantagenet and Valois, 177.

4 GERSON’S ORAL DEFENSE: Morrall, 34–36.

5 COUCY AGAIN IN AVIGNON: same sources as above: KL, ibid.; Durrieu, 72–75; Jarry, Orléans, 121; Jarry, “Voie de Fait,” 517; Mirot, “Politique,” 530–31.

6 NICOLAS DE CLAMANGES: Ornato, 16; DBF and Michaud, Biographie universelle. Text of his address in Chron. C6, II, 135 ff.

7 TRANSLATED FOR THE COUNCIL: Jarry, “Voie de Fait,” 523.

8 “AS THOUGH THE HOLY GHOST”: q. Creighton, 129. 400 MILES IN FOUR DAYS: Hay, 363.

9 ff. COUCY’S CAMPAIGN FOR GENOA: The major sources are Jarry’s Orléans, 134–56, and Delisle’s summaries of the documents in the Coll. Bastard d’Estang at the BN, Fonds fr., nouv. acq. 3638–9 and 3653–4–5. These contain some three dozen documents covering transactions by Coucy. Payments to him from the crown are in BN, Pièces originales, 875, dossier Coucy. Lacaille, thèse, 156–94, adds references from Italian sources. Froissart is the source for Coucy holding conferences with the Genoese outdoors (KL, XV, 221–22). Modern authorities: Jarry, “Voie de Fait,” 532–37; Mesquita, 157–58; Mirot, “Politique,” 533–35.

10 VISIT TO PAVÍA: BN, Coll. Bastard d’Estang, 231, 234.

11 GIOVANNI DEI GRASSI: Meiss &