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for almost a year. On October 21, 1872, the commission ruled in favor of the United States. A month later, the Royal Marines packed their bags, said goodbye to their American friends, and marched out of the English camp for the last time. Two years later, the American camp was abandoned.

38. PRO 30/22/34, ff. 130–33, Lyons to Russell, April 10, 1860.

39. PRO 30/22/34, ff. 149–50, Lyons to Russell, May 22, 1860.

40. As recently as March 2, Sumner had told her, “I incline now more than ever to think that Seward will be [our candidate].” Palmer (ed.), The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, vol. 1, p. 19.

41. No one had actually counted the prince’s entourages so it came as a terrible shock when there were too many bodies for too few beds. Buchanan gallantly offered up his room and slept on a sofa in the corridor.

42. Stanley Weintraub, Edward the Caresser (New York, 2003), p. 68.

43. Ibid., p. 71. The issue of slavery would force itself upon the prince one more time, in the North. On October 18, 1860, a delegation of African-Americans presented him with “An Address of Colored Citizens of Boston to the Prince of Wales,” which offered “their profound and grateful attachment and respect for the Throne which you represent here, under whose shelter so many thousands of their race, fugitives from American slavery, find safety and rest … and where the road to wealth, education, and social position, and civil office and honors is as free to the black man as to the white.” Anti-Slavery Advocate, 2/403/50, February 1, 1861.

44. Weintraub, Edward the Caresser, p. 73.

45. Edward Dicey, Spectator of America, ed. Herbert Mitgang (Athens, Ga., 1971), p. 11.

46. Lloyd Morris, Incredible New York (New York, 1951; repr. Syracuse, N.Y., 1996), p. 24.

47. Weintraub, Edward the Caresser, p. 76.

48. The 69th Regiment, New York State Militia, was the nucleus for the 69th New York State Volunteers, which was itself one of the three founding Irish regiments of the famous New York Irish Brigade.

49. Seward (ed.), Seward at Washington, p. 455.

50. Palmer (ed.), Selected Letters of Charles Sumner, vol. 1, p. 23, Sumner to Seward, May 20, 1860.

51. Glyndon Van Deusen, William Henry Seward (Oxford, 1967), p. 231.

52. Hallward Library, University of Nottingham; Newcastle, NEC/10885/134, Duke of Newcastle to Sir Edmund Head, June 5, 1861.

53. Sir Theodore Martin, The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, vol. 5 (New York, 1880), p. 204.

54. Ibid.

55. Martin Crawford, The Anglo-American Crisis of the Mid-Nineteenth Century: The Times and America, 1850–1862 (Athens, Ga., 1987), p. 76, Morris to Bancroft Davis, October 30, 1860.

56. Lord Newton (ed.), Lord Lyons: A Record of British Diplomacy, 2 vols. (London, 1914), vol. 1, pp. 27–28, Lord Lyons to Duke of Newcastle, October 29, 1860.

57. Crawford, The Anglo-American Crisis of the Mid-Nineteenth Century, p. 10, October 12, 1860.

58. Newton (ed.), Lord Lyons, vol. 1, p. 29, Lord Lyons to Duke of Newcastle, December 10, 1860.

Chapter 3: “The Cards Are in Our Hands!”

1. Wilbur Devereux Jones, The American Problem in British Diplomacy, 1841–1861 (London, 1974), p. 198.

2. Ibid.

3. BDOFA, part I, ser. C, vol. 5, p. 162, law officers of the Crown to Lord John Russell, December 7, 1860.

4. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 1, pp. 751, 753, December 7 and December 11, 1860.

5. Ibid., p. 765, January 9, 1861.

6. The Times, January 9, 1861.

7. Illustrated London News, January 19, 1861.

8. William S. Walsh, Abraham Lincoln and the London Punch (New York, 1909), p. 20.

9. Brian Jenkins, Britain and the War for the Union, 2 vols. (Montreal, 1974, 1980), p. 86. And BDOFA, part I, ser. C, vol. 5, pp. 169–70, Lord Lyons to Lord John Russell, December 18, 1860.

10. Glyndon Van Deusen, William Henry Seward (Oxford, 1967), p. 240.

11. Frederick W. Seward (ed.), Seward at Washington (New York, 1891), p. 487.

12. Ernest Samuels