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80. Warren, Fountain of Discontent, p. 20.

81. David H. Donald, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man, 1862 (New York, 1970), pp. 43–44.

82. Adam Gurowski, Diary from March 4, 1861 to November 12, 1862 (Boston, 1862), p. 165.

Chapter 9: The War Moves to England

1. Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, John Ward Diary, 171 Cont A, January 1, 1862.

2. Seward countered that he had been on tenterhooks himself, until they convened on Christmas Day. “Remember, that in a Council like ours, there are some strong wills to be reconciled.” But Weed was not satisfied. The legation had been the last to know of the commissioners’ release; even the clerks in the City were better informed. “I do not see how I could have prevented the difficulties which attended the delay and suspense in the Trent affair. The telegraph outstrips the mails—and I cannot send despatches or receive them by telegraph,” rejoined Seward. Weed would not back down, insisting that Seward should have at least written privately to Adams, rather than leaving him in complete suspense. Margaret K. Toth (ed.), Mission Abroad, 1861–1862 (Rochester, N.Y., 1954), Seward to Weed, January 22, January 30, and March 7, 1862.

3. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 940, January 8 and 9, 1862.

4. Letters of Lord St. Maur and Lord Edward St. Maur (London, 1888), p. 245, Duke of Somerset to Lord Edward St. Maur, January 12, 1862.

5. Nancy Mitford (ed.), The Stanleys of Alderley (London, 1968), p. 281, Jonny Stanley to Maude Stanley, February 19, 1862.

6. Wellcome Library, RAMC.75, f. 2107, Sir Anthony Jackson, January 1862.

7. Illustrated London News, January 11, 1862. Later, when the extent of American anger became clear, it defended Britain’s response: “And if the British people misinterpreted the sentiments of the Americans with regard either to slavery or secession, the Americans very palpably misinterpreted those of the British people and Government in the affair of the Trent.” April 19, 1862.

8. Charles Francis Adams, Jr., “The Trent Affair: An Historical Retrospect,” Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, 45 (1912), p. 529.

9. Toth (ed.), Mission Abroad, p. 236, Hughes to Seward, January 11, 1862.

10. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, January 15, 1862.

11. Edward Chalfant, Better in Darkness (New York, 1994), p. 21.

12. Ibid., p. 25.

13. Wallace and Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, vol. 2, p. 940, January 10, 1862.

14. Desmond McCarthy, Lady John Russell, p. 260, Lady John Russell to Lady Dumferline, December 13, 1861.

15. Letters of Lord St. Maur and Lord Edward St. Maur, p. 245, Duke of Somerset to Lord Edward St. Maur, January 12, 1862.

16. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, April 19, 1862. His diary for just one week in April, for example, shows that he may have felt lonely, but he was not alone. He went to dinner at Lord Lansdowne’s on April 1: “The dinner was pleasant without being animated.” From there he went to a glittering reception at Stafford House. The next day he went to a dinner at the Duchess of Somerset’s. On the third, he went to a reception of the president of the Royal Society at Burlington House. On April 5, Mrs. Adams had her first reception for Americans in London, with about thirty guests. On the seventh, he had dinner with the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland, with “Lord and Lady Macclesfield, Lord Ellenborough, Lord and Lady Colville, Lord and Lady Colchester and Mr. and Mrs. Spencer Walpole, and one or two others.”

17. David H. Donald, Lincoln (New York, 1995), p. 329.

18. Anthony Trollope, North America (repr. London, 1968), pp. 139–40.

19. T. C. Pease and J. Randall (eds.), The Diary of Orville H. Browning, 1850–1881 (Springfield, Ill., 1925–31), p. 520, December 28, 1861. Aware that people were whispering