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party. “The Despatches of Lord Lyons prove how difficult it is to become familiar with the public spirit in this country, even for a cautious, discreet diplomat and an Englishman,” wrote Adam Gurowski. “I am at a loss to understand why Earl Russell divulged the above mentioned correspondence, thus putting Lord Lyons into a false and unpleasant position with the party in power.” Diary from November 18, 1862–October 18, 1863 (New York, 1864), p. 182.

13. Diary of Gideon Welles, 3 vols. (Boston, 1911), vol. 2, p. 250, April 1, 1863. It was no help to Lyons that Welles vehemently opposed Seward on the letters of marque question. His chief objection stemmed from the fact that it would remain the purview of the State Department rather than his own.

14. Sumner calmed down a little, but remained adamant that the Peterhoff’s mails should have been dealt with by the prize court. Ironically, when the British cabinet had a chance to consider the Peterhoff affair rationally, it too reached the same conclusion. The Lord Chancellor asked: “What will be most [helpful] for our interest as a future belligerent?” The answer, obviously, was the right to seize the enemy’s letters from neutral ships.

15. PRO 30/22/37, Frf. 42–43, Lyons to Russell, April 7, 1863.

16. PRO FO115/394, f. 35, B. Lowry to Lyons, May 28, 1863.

17. Richmond Enquirer, October 3, 1863.

18. Emory University, Gregory MSS, Lawley to Gregory, March 26, 1863.

19. Ibid.

20. BL Add. MS 41567, ff. 246–47, George Henry Herbert to mother, March 31, 1863.

21. Matthew John Graham, The Ninth Regiment New York Volunteers (Lancaster, Ohio, 1997), p. 420.

22. Bruce Catton, The Civil War (New York, 2004), p. 130.

Chapter 20: The Key Is in the Lock

1. Bernard Price, Sussex: People, Places, Things (London, 1975), p. 149.

2. Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel (eds.), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 4 vols. (Secaucus, N.J., 1985), vol. 3, p. 161.

3. The Times, June 11, 1863.

4. William C. Davis (ed.), The Civil War: A Historical Account of America’s War of Secession (New York, 1996), p. 114.

5. Jeffry D. Wert, The Sword of Lincoln (New York, 2006), p. 246.

6. Henry Hore identified the raiders as belonging to Mosby’s Raiders, and, while there is no reason to doubt his word, it is worth noting that Mosby was at Warrenton Junction, Virginia, on May 3. See Jeffry D. Wert, Mosby’s Rangers (New York, 1990), pp. 57–58.

7. Price, Sussex, p. 150.

8. Geoffrey C. Ward, Ric Burns, and Ken Burns, The Civil War (New York, 1990), p. 210.

9. W. C. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, 1861–1865, 2 vols. (Boston, 1920), vol. 1, p. 294, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., to Charles Francis Adams, May 8, 1863.

10. Hore returned to England after the war. He joined the Capital and Counties Bank in Chichester, eventually rising to bank manager. He died in 1887. Price, Sussex, p. 145.

11. David Saville Muzzey, The United States of America: Through the Civil War (New York, 1931), p. 575.

12. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union, 4 vols.; vol. 2: War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863 (New York, 1960), p. 453.

13. The Times, June 16, 1863.

14. Winston S. Churchill, The American Civil War (New York, 1985), p. 100

15. Ian F. W. Beckett, The War Correspondents: The American Civil War (London, 1997), p. 102.

16. Illustrated London News, August 8, 1863.

17. Ibid., August 29, 1863.

18. William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel, Vicksburg Is the Key (Lincoln, Nebr., 2003), p. 151.

19. Illustrated London News, August 29, 1863.

20. Philip Tucker, “Confederate Secret Agent in Ireland: Father John B. Bannon and His Irish Mission, 1863–1864,” Journal of Confederate History, 5 (1990), p. 55.

21. Francis Galton (ed.), Vacation Tourists, 1862–1863 (London, 1864), p. 412.

22. Ibid., p. 410.

23. PRO FO 115/394, ff. 305–7, Mayo to Lyons, June 26, 1863.

24. James G. Hollandsorth, Pretense of Glory (Baton Rouge, La., 1998), p. 120.

25. Huguenot Historical Society, LeFevre/DuBois/Eltin Family Papers/NYUL58T-320–0057, Assistant