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48. “We have had—I have had—some Experience of what any attempt of that sort may be expected to lead to,” Palmerston told the House. He was referring to the collapse of his previous premiership in 1859, when MPs punished him for truckling to French demands to curb the freedoms of political refugees living in Britain. Spencer, The Confederate Navy in Europe, p. 99.

49. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, March 28, 1863.

50. Morgan, Recollections of a Rebel Reefer, p. 114.

51. Frank J. Merli, Great Britain and the Confederate Navy (Bloomington, Ind., 1965), p. 129.

52. The officer from the Galatea was singing the “Bonnie Blue Flag,” which went: “Hurrah! Hurrah! For Southern rights hurrah! Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag.… ” BDOFA, ser. 1, vol. 6, doc. 193, pp. 146–47, Commodore Dunlop to Admiral Milne, February 7, 1863. In the Caribbean there was also an incident involving HMS Greyhound, when her band played “Dixie’s Land” within earshot of a U.S. naval vessel. Commander Hickley immediately raced over to the players and made them follow up with “My Country, ’Tis of Thee,” but the damage was already done.

53. “Here we are amongst the rebels enjoying ourselves very much,” wrote Henry Gawne to his mother, a week after arriving at the port. “Everyone here is very hospitable. As much hunting as ever you please and of all descriptions, deer, foxes etc. Several of our officers are away now for four days in the Country hunting. I went out riding last Friday with a Col Browne of the Artillery.” Buckinghamshire RO, Gawne MSS, D115/20 (1), Henry Gawne to Edward Moore Gawne and mother, January 6, 1863.

54. Regis Courtemanche, No Need of Glory: The British Navy in American Waters (Annapolis, Md., 1977), p. 117.

55. Newton (ed.), Lord Lyons, vol. 1, p. 100, Lord Russell to Lord Lyons, March 28, 1863.

56. PRO 30/22/37, f. 43, Lyons to Russell, April 13, 1863.

57. PRO 30/22/37, ff. 57–60, Lyons to Russell, May 5, 1863.

58. Adams, Britain and the American Civil War, vol. 2, p. 140.

Chapter 19: Prophecies of Blood and Suffering

1. The Private Journal of Georgiana Gholson Walker, ed. Dwight Franklin Henderson, Confederate Centennial Studies, 25 (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1963), p. 13.

2. Kenneth Blume, “The Mid-Atlantic Arena: The United States, the Confederacy, and the British West Indies, 1861–1865,” Ph.D thesis, SUNY Binghamton, 1984, p. 257.

3. James M. Morgan, Recollections of a Rebel Reefer (Boston, 1917), pp. 103–5.

4. PRO FO115/361, f. 3, Stanton to Seward, May 15, 1863. Montreal, where Abinger was stationed, was teeming with Confederate refugees, which further solidified his pro-Southern stand. On his return to Montreal, he married Helen Magruder, the daughter and niece of renowned Confederates.

5. George Alfred Lawrence, Border and Bastille (New York, 1864), p. 190.

6. James H. Wilkins (ed.), The Great Diamond Hoax and Other Stirring Episodes in the Life of Asbury Harpending (San Francisco, 1915), pp. 66, 74–76.

7. Ibid.

8. PRO FO5/1280, Consul Booker to Russell, June 29, 1863.

9. PRO FO5/1280, Scholefield to Austen M. Layard, May 1, 1863.

10. “Bright-Sumner Letters, 1861–1872,” Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 46 (1912), pp. 120–22, John Bright to Sumner, June 27, 1863.

11. “John Wilkes Booth: An Interview with the Press with Sir Charles Wyndham,” New York Herald, quoted in Gordon Samples, Lust for Fame (New York, 1998), p. 113.

12. James J. Barnes and Patience P. Barnes (eds.), Private and Confidential: Letters from British in Washington to Foreign Secretaries (Selinsgrove, Pa., 1993), p. 320, Lyons to Russell, April 13, 1863, and p. 322, May 5, 1863. The most controversial revelation in the Blue Book was Lord Lyons’s private meeting with New York Democrats in November 1862. The Republican administration put the worst possible interpretation on it, even though Lyons was not doing anything wrong or unusual for a diplomat by talking to the opposition