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45. “Diary of John R. Thompson,” p. 99.

46. Wallace and Gillespie (eds.), Journal of Benjamin Moran, vol. 2, p. 1393, March 14, 1865.

47. Sheffield Archives, WHM 461 (31), Hill to Wharncliffe, February 17, 1865.

48. PRO FO5/128, Hill to Russell, February 18, 1865.

49. PRO FO 83/2223, Roundell Palmer to Russell, March 18, 1865.

50. PRO FO5/1101, ff. 23–25, Robert Dalglish to Mr. Layard, February 24, 1865.

51. PRO FO 5/1101, ff. 53–56, Robert Burley to Russell, March 25, 1865.

52. Lord Lyons: A Record of British Diplomacy, 2 vols. (London, 1914), vol. 1, pp. 139–41.

53. PRO FO5/1009, d. 112, Russell to Bruce, March 24, 1865.

54. PRO FO5/1009, d. 112, Lord Russell to Sir Frederick Bruce, March 24, 1865.

55. Wallace and Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, vol. 2, p. 1398, March 24, 1865.

56. Ford (ed.), A Cycle of Adams Letters, vol. 2, p. 258, Charles Francis Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., March 24, 1865.

57. Ibid., p. 259, Charles Francis Adams to Charles Francis Adams, Jr., March 24, 1865.

Chapter 37: Fire, Fire

1. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (41), Feilden to Julia, February 14, 1865.

2. E. Milby Burton, The Siege of Charleston (Columbia, S.C., 1982), p. 321.

3. Walker defended himself to the Foreign Office: “I have endeavoured, as I had done previously, to perform my consular duties with the utmost strictness and impartiality.” PRO FO5/1015, f. 287, Pinckney Walker to Mr. Burnley, February 20, 1865.

4. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (40), Feilden to Julia, February 28, 1865.

5. Nathaniel Cheairs Hughes, Jr., Bentonville: The Final Battle of Sherman and Johnston (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2006), p. 32.

6. Nelson D. Lankford, An Irishman in Dixie (Columbia, S.C., 1988), p. 25.

7. Ibid., p. 32, March 4, 1865.

8. Ibid., p. 39, March 9, 1865.

9. Ibid., p. 42, March 10, 1865. Mrs. Brown, according to Lankford, was one of the couriers who carried messages between Richmond and the Confederates in Canada.

10. Ibid., p. 48, March 13, 1865.

11. John B. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary at the Confederate States Capital, ed. Earl Schenk Miers (Urbana, Ill., 1958), p. 517, March 14, 1865.

12. Conolly whiled away the time before dinner visiting other camps. At General Heath’s, he was surprised to meet Captain Sydney Herbert Davis, the British volunteer who had come to the Confederacy in 1863.

13. At his hotel, Conolly bumped into the Hon. Maurice Berkeley Portman, whose own optimism about the war had been shaken by an encounter with Sheridan’s bummers.

14. Jones, A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary, p. 520, March 19, 1865.

15. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (45), Feilden to Julia, March 13, 1865.

16. Ibid., (46), Feilden to Julia, March 25, 1865.

17. The Saundersons of Saunderson Castle, County Cavan, were an old Anglo-Irish family with a large fortune to spend. Twenty-four-year-old Welly was the youngest of five brothers, three of whom belonged to the same regiment. “The trio were not without notoriety and were generally known as Rats No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3,” wrote a historian of the family: “They were always doing something dangerous.” Conolly was deeply impressed when Welly told him that he had even sold his commission in order to fight with Lee, unaware that the British Army officer had something to prove. Welly was desperately in love with Lady Rachel Clonmell, but her father thought he was a wastrel and had refused him permission to set foot in the house, let alone propose marriage. A. Lucas, Colonel Saunderson: A Memoir (London, 1908), p. 14. I am indebted to Derek Mayhew for this information.

18. James M. Morgan, Recollections of a Rebel Reefer (Boston, 1917), p. 232.

19. Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 4 (Richmond, Va., 1877), ed. Revd. J. W. Jones, p. 22, fn.

20. Virginia Historical Society, Diary of Llewellyn Saunderson, MSS5:1Sa877:1, March 31, 1865.