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was reported in the Donegal Advertiser, which noted acidly: “Here again, we have him impressing upon the Donegal electors how much better it was for him to go to America than to stay like ordinary members and attend to the dull routine of his parliamentary duties.” NARA, Dispatches, U.S. Consuls in Sheffield, Consul Abbot to Seward, May 15, 1865.

28. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS, 48, Feilden to Julia, May 4, 1865.

29. Keith Robbins, John Bright (London, 1978), p. 175.

30. MHS, Adams MSS, Diary of Charles Francis Adams, April 26, 1865.

31. Alan Hankinson, Man of Wars: William Howard Russell of “The Times,” 1820–1907 (London, 1982), p. 182.

32. George S. Wykoff, “Charles Mackay: England’s Forgotten Civil War Correspondent,” South Atlantic Quarterly, 26 (1927), pp. 59–60.

33. Economist, April 29, 1865.

34. Oscar Maurer, “Punch on Slavery and the Civil War,” Victorian Studies (Sept. 1957), pp. 4–28.

35. Sarah Agnes Wallace and Frances Elma Gillespie (eds.), The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857–1865, 2 vols. (Chicago, 1948, 1949), vol. 2, p. 1419, April 30, 1865.

36. NARA, M.T-185, roll 8, vol. 8, Consul Zebina Eastman to Mr. Hunter, Acting Secretary of State, May 8, 1865; Liverpool RO, Durning-Holt MSS, Diary of Emma Holt, 902 Dur 1/4, May 8, 1865.

37. Virginia Mason, The Public Life and Diplomatic Correspondence of James M. Mason (New York, 1906), p. 562.

38. Library of Congress, Mason MSS, private letterbook, Mason to Wood, April 21, 1865.

39. Louis Martin Sears, “A Confederate Diplomat at the Court of Napoleon III,” American Historical Review, 26, 2 (Jan. 1921), p. 278, Slidell to Mason, April 26, 1865.

40. Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence Clough Buel (eds.), Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 4 vols. (Secaucus, N.J., 1985), vol. 3, p. 764.

41. James M. Morgan, Recollections of a Rebel Reefer (Boston, 1917), p. 238.

42. Frank E. Vandiver (ed.), The Civil War Diary of General Josiah Gorgas (Tuscaloosa, Ala., 1947), p. 184, May 4, 1864.

43. The money was taken from Davis when he was captured. A typical rate on the Inman line between New York and London was £5 per adult.

44. ORN, ser. 1, vol. 16, p. 333, report of Commander Reynolds, May 16, 1865.

45. James J. Barnes and Patricia P. Barnes (eds.), The American Civil War Through British Eyes, vol. 3 (Kent, Ohio, 2005), p. 302, Bruce to Russell, May 16, 1865.

46. William Watson, The Adventures of a Blockade Runner (College Station, Tex., 2001), p. 823.

47. Margaret Leach, Reveille in Washington (Alexandria, Va., 1962, repr. 1980), p. 379.

48. News and letters were trickling in from the South. Consul Arthur Lynn was finally rescued from his Crusoe-like existence in Galveston. He had continued to send his dispatches, never knowing if they had reached their destination. Miraculously, a few did eventually arrive. The Foreign Office, on the other hand, had written him off as lost until further notice more than a year earlier. Lynn now learned that his sister had been trying to contact him for the past eighteen months with questions arising from their late father’s estate. PRO FO5/976, draft, Foreign Office to Messrs. Brown and Dunlop, Glasgow, Solicitors, January 4, 1865.

49. Edward Waldo Emerson, The Early Years of the Saturday Club (New York, 1918), p. 405.

50. PRO 30/22/38, ff. 186–89, Bruce to Russell, April 20, 1865.

51. PRO 30/22/38, ff. 198–99, Bruce to Russell, April 27, 1865.

52. James J. Barnes and Patience P. Barnes (eds.), Private and Confidential: Letters from British Ministers to the Foreign Secretaries (Selinsgrove, Pa., 1993), p. 362, Bruce to Russell, May 22, 1865.

53. South Carolina Historical Society, Feilden-Smythe MSS (49), Feilden to Julia, May 30, 1865.

54. Columbia University, Blackwell MSS, Elizabeth Blackwell to Barbara Bodichon, May 25, 1865.

Epilogue

1. The second largest army, the Prussian, was roughly half the size at 484,000; the French had about 343,000; and the British Army no more than 220,000 regulars plus 370,000 volunteer and militia