Adventures Among Ants - Mark W. Moffett [184]
40. EO Wilson 1984, Clockwork lives of the Amazonian leafcutter army, Smithsonian 15: 92–101.
41. M Burd, D Archer, N Aranwela, DJ Stradling 2002, Traffic dynamics of the leaf-cutting ant, Atta cephalotes, Am. Nat. 159: 283–293.
42. A Dussutour, S Beshers, J-L Deneubourg, V Fourcassié 2007, Crowding increases foraging efficiency in the leaf-cutting ant Atta colombica, Insectes Soc. 54: 158–165.
43. Delia Goetz and Sylvanus G. Morley, Popol Vuh: The Sacred Book of the Ancient Quiché Maya, from the Spanish translation by Adrián Recinos (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1950), p. 83.
44. C Anderson, JLV Jadin 2001, The adaptive benefit of leaf transfer in Atta colombica, Insectes Soc. 48: 404–405.
45. HL Vasconcelos, JM Cherrett 1996, The effect of wilting on the selection of leaves by the leaf-cutting ant Atta laevigata, Entomol. Exp. Appl. 78: 215–220.
46. AG Hart, FLW Ratnieks 2001, Leaf caching in the leafcutting ant Atta colombica: Organizational shift, task partitioning and making the best of a bad job, Anim. Behav. 62: 227–234.
47. SP Hubbell, LK Johnson, E Stanislav, B Wilson, H Fowler 1980, Foraging by bucket-brigade in leaf-cutter ants, Biotropica 12: 210–213.
48. SG Rudolph, C Loudon 1986, Load size selection by foraging leaf-cutter ants (Atta cephalotes), Ecol. Entomol. 11: 401–410.
49. JJ Bartholdi III, LA Bunimovich, DD Eisenstein 1999, Dynamics of two- and three-worker “bucket brigade” production lines, Oper. Res. 47: 488–491.
50. AG Hart, FLW Ratnieks 2001, cited in n. 46.
51. SP Hubbell, LK Johnson, E Stanislav, B Wilson, H Fowler 1980, cited in n. 47.
52. Thomas Belt, The Naturalist in Nicaragua (London: John Murray, 1874), p. 76. The migration had been forced upon the ants by carbolic acid poured into their nest to stop them from invading a garden. What intrigues is that they managed to partition the labor of transporting their gardens in this way under such an unnatural circumstance.
53. JJ Howard, ML Henneman, G Cronin, JA Fox, G Hormiga 1996, Conditioning of scouts and recruits during foraging by a leaf-cutting ant, Atta colombica, Anim. Behav. 52: 229–306. Others have shown that unfamiliar food can be preferred; see, e.g., JM Cherrett, Chemical aspects of plant attack by leaf-cutting ants, in Phytochemical Ecology, ed. JB Harbourne (New York: Academic Press, 1972), pp. 13–24.
54. F Roces, B Hölldobler 1994, Leaf density and a trade-off between load-size selection and recruitment behavior in the ant Atta cephalotes, Oecologia 97: 1–8.
55. Bees can also minor in other flowers; see, e.g., B Heinrich 1979, “Majoring” and “minoring” by foraging bumblebees, Bombus vagans: An experimental analysis, Ecology 60: 245–55.
56. PD Coley, TM Aide 1989, Red coloration of tropical young leaves: A possible antifungal defence? J. Trop. Ecol. 5: 293–300.
57. JJ Howard, Resource quality and cost in the foraging of leaf-cutter ants, in Ant-Plant Interactions, ed. Camilla R. Huxley and David F. Cutler (New York: Scientific, 1991), pp. 42–50.
58. CM Nichols-Orians, JC Schultz 1990, Interactions among leaf toughness, chemistry, and harvesting by attine ants, Ecol. Entomol. 15: 311–320.
59. The loss of toxins during domestication is often mentioned but needs documentation for human crops (Dorian Fuller, personal communication).
60. K Jaffe, Leaf-cutting ants, in Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2nd edition, ed. John L. Capinera (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008), pp. 2151–2160; and HL Vasconcelos 1999, Levels of leaf herbivory in Amazonian trees from different stages in forest regeneration, Acta Amazon. 29: 615–623.
61. Andreas Schaller, ed., Induced Plant Resistance to Herbivory (New York: Springer-Verlag, 2008).
62. JJ Howard 1990, Infidelity of leafcutting ants to host plants: Resource heterogeneity or defense induction? Oecologia 82: 394–401.
63. JM Cherrett, Resource conservation by the leaf-cutting ant Atta cephalotes in tropical rain forest, in Tropical Rain Forest: Ecology and Management, ed. SL Sutton, TC Whitmore (Oxford: