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Hobbes, Thomas, 225

Hölldobler, Bert, 9, 115, 156, 253n12

Holway, David, 202–3, 205–6, 208, 209, 211, 219

homeostasis, 78, 174, 223, 229, 242n17, 259n42

Homoptera farming: Camponotus and Crematogaster collaboration, 121; cost to plants of, 125, 248n19; diseases transmitted by, 125; ecosystems, effect on, 133, 206; Homoptera taxonomy, 246n41; honeydew, 119, 121, 125, 206, 246–247nn41, 47; vs. human pastoralism, 190; leaf enclosures (pavilions), 119, 247n42; as mutualism, 189–90, 190; vs. predation, 247n47; as self-sustaining way of life, 190; vines and, 139; weaver ants, 119, 120, 125, 247n42. See also agriculture

honeybees: errors of, 245n5; new nest assessment by, 103; “spirit of the hive,” 229–30; taxonomy of, 9; warfare and, 247n10

honeydew, 119, 121, 125, 206, 246–47nn41, 47

honeypot ants. See Myrmecocystus

horned lizards, 206

Huber, Pierre, 154

human body: brain and mind, 221–22, 227; complexity of, 226; group transport and, 63; height and falling, 135; and superorganism model, 17, 39, 51, 120, 144

human culture: and “body politic” as concept, 164n19, 225–26; business, 174, 180; communication, 223; diet of, and territoriality, 123, 247n9; division of labor, 69–70, 187, 226; Easter Island wedding tradition, 231; ecosystems, effects on, 133; empathy with ants, 34, 223–24; fear of ants, 16, 72, 73–74; fire ant costs to, 220; fixed vs. fluid groups, 240n18, 262n29; highway systems, 177; individuality and, 222; interactions with army ants, 19, 88; nationalism and xenophobia, 260n3, 261n11; pastoralists, 115, 189–90, 246n18; political organization, 95–96, 145, 225, 228–29, 251nn38, 40, 263nn11, 12, 13; self, idea of, 262n23; size of communities, complexity and, 116, 146, 187, 226–27; slavery and, 154, 155– 56, 165, 252nn19, 21, 23; social organization, 222– 25, 228–29, 262n29, 263nn10–13, 264nn32, 36; stigmergy, 53; success without diversity, 122; territoriality, 115–16, 123, 246n18, 247–48nn9, 10; traffic patterns, 51; violence and social dysfunction in, 117, 216, 248n30; wisdom-of-the-crowd, 78. See also agriculture; cities; hunter-gatherers; military and military comparisons; warfare

humans, ant awareness of: army ant observation and, 79, 90–91, 103; chasing behaviors and, 234n2 (primer); defense of nests and, 56, 58; by leafcutters, 170, 171, 179; by marauder ants, 26; revenge and, 58; by weaver ants, 146

hunter-gatherers: army ants, 6; conflict and, 115, 129, 248n30; leafcutters, 187; size of group and, 69, 223, 240n18, 259n35, 262n29; slavery and, 156; social structure and, 225, 234n2 (intro.); specialization, 99, 226; territoriality, 123

hyenas, 63

Hymenoptera, 9

hyphae, 172

identity. See group identity

imprecision. See error and imprecision

imprinting: leafcutter ants on fungus, 197; on nestmates, 150, 154, 156, 164, 252n247; weaver ants on nesting trees, 124, 126

inbreeding: in Argentine ants, 216, 261n14, 262n28; under domestication, 196, 197

individuality: of ant workers, 35, 221–22; of colonies, 225, 226; evolution of, 214; recognition of among ants, 237n32, 261n9

information flow: response to, 20, 49, 178, 227, 243n10; in small vs. large societies, 69, 77–78, 144, 146, 178, 223, 224, 227

infrabuccal pocket, 188, 192, 196, 257n3, 258n17

infrastructure: ant bodies forming, 59, 75, 83, 139–40, 139, 245n6; size of society and, 51, 59, 116, 129, 211, 223, 240n18

insecticides. See pesticides

insinuator ants, 128–29

intelligence: of ants, 144, 221–22; ant size and, 144, 251n34; of colonies, 49, 103, 227, 241n16; of plants, 178; tactical deception and, 165, 253n12. See also brain and central nervous system; learning; mind; swarm intelligence

invasive ants: from Argentina, 208, 260n11; in Biosphere 2, 231; on Easter Island, 230–31. See also Argentine ants; red imported fire ants

Irian Jaya (Indonesia), 21

islands: native species on, 230–31; trees as, 133

ivy, 178

jackals, 63

jump dispersal, 209–11, 217, 218, 260n15, 261n13

Kaw Mountains (French Guiana), 173–74, 179, 198–99

Kekulé,