Adventures Among Ants - Mark W. Moffett [202]
Formica (slaves): escape or resistance by, 154, 252n18; pupae nursed by, 149, 150; work done by, 150, 151. See also Amazon ants; slaves and slavery
Formicinae, 153
Forrest, General Nathan Bedford, 47
founder effect, 216
Fowler, Andy, 74
freedom of movement. See autonomy/freedom of movement
frogs, 15, 16, 97
fruit: ingestion of, 63–64, 77, 242n11; leafcutter use of, 182–83
fungi: Cyphomyrmex farming, 198–99; domestication of, 188–90, 195–97, 257n9, 259nn32, 34, 42; edible tips of (hyphae), 172, 188; farming of, 172, 174–77, 254n17; fermented as food, 257n6; fertilizing, 177, 195, 197, 198–99, 259n32; gardens of, in leafcutter nests, 172, 172, 173, 186, 257n79; hygiene in gardens of, 175, 183, 186, 188, 192–93, 200, 254n27, 258nn14, 19; insecticides detoxified by, 172; large free-living individuals of, 262n247; lower attine farming of, 195, 196, 197, 198–99; pruning and care, 175, 197, 254n27; reproduction of, 189; termite farming of, 172, 254n17. See also leafcutter ants
fungicide production by ants, 7, 192, 258n19. See also pesticides
Gadagkar, Raghavendra, 13
Galileo, 64
Gashaka-Gumti National Park, 73, 74, 85, 87–88, 98–99, 101, 106, 108
generalists, dietary, 99–100
genetic cleaning hypothesis, 261n20
genetics: ant traditions as determined by, 189, 223; castes determined by, 9, 234n8; differences in, and maintaining group identity, 215–17, 261– 62nn9, 15, 16, 20, 22. See also evolution
glands: Dufour’s, 30; metapleural, 7, 192, 258n14; poison, 30; for propaganda substance, 151; sternal, 115, 116
gliding, 137; vs. parachuting, 137
global distribution of ants, 10
Gombak Research Station, 61, 106
Gordon, Deborah, 235n10
Gore, Rick, 37
Gotwald, Bill, 73, 97
Goulding, Michael, 141
Gran Chaco (Paraguay), 176, 177
granivory, 238n18. See also seeds
grasses, ant harvesting of, 45–47, 46
grasshoppers, 39, 94–95, 99, 151, 219, 219, 243n12
grooming: hygiene and, 192; odor of group identity and, 215; of one species by another, 190–91, 191, 258n15
group foraging or hunting. See mass foraging
group identity: Amazon ants and, 150, 156–57, 213, 251n3, 253n34; Argentine ants and, 215–17, 261–62nn15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22; as binding force, 31; evolution and, 214, 261nn6, 7; flexibility in, 214–16, 260n3, 261n8; genetics and, 215–17, 261– 62nn9, 15, 16, 20, 22; grooming and, 215; “guests” in ant nests and, 213, 214, 260n5; labels and, 213, 260n3; nationalism and, 260n3, 261n11; queens and, 156–57, 216, 253n34, 261n10; recognition signals, 150, 156, 213–16, 229, 260n3, 261–62n20; scent and, 213, 260n4; superorganisms and, 214, 229, 230, 260–61nn6, 7, 264n36
group predation and retrieval, 235n11 (ch. 1)
group selection, 264n36
group transport: anatomy and, 63; in army ants, 76, 98, 105; coordination of, 66–68, 241n10; in Daceton ants, 67; defined, 62; delayed gratification and, 63; in Formica incerta, 68; in leafcutter ants, 254n9; in marauder ants, 64–68; number of species using, 66; among other animals, 62–64, 241n4 (ch. 5); percentage of food carried by groups, 66; portability and, 63–64; teamwork and, 68–70, 241nn11, 12; weight groups can carry, 65–66, 65; weight individuals can carry, 64, 235n2
Guanacaste National Park, Costa Rica, 129–31
guests. See ant “guests”
Haldane, John, 135
Harris’s hawks, 32
harvester ants: Argentine ants wiping out, 206; assessing local conditions, 235n10; cleaned by cone ants, 190–91, 191, 192; commuter trails of, 30; foraging for work, 78; mosaics and, 132
Herbers, Joan, 152–53, 154, 155
herbicides. See pesticides
herbivory, 45, 77, 118–19, 124, 172; eating fungi, 60, 172, 257n6
herdsmen ants, 190, 190
herds of mammals, 262n29
higher attines, 259n31
hitchhiking: in leafcutter ants, 183, 186, 235n2, 256n72; in marauder ants, 14, 14
hoarding: of food, 42, 45, 57, 90, 129, 225, 243n7; repletes and, 57; slaves as an alternative to, 168;