Adventures Among Ants - Mark W. Moffett [209]
sap drinking: leafcutter ants, 172, 175, 181, 186; non-dominant ants and, 246n33; weaver ants, 118–19
sap-sucking insects. See Homoptera farming
Savage, Reverend Thomas, 59
scale insects. See Homoptera farming
scent and identity. See group identity
Schneirla, Theodore, 77, 239n32
Schöning, Caspar, 73, 74, 95, 98
scorpions, 68–69, 117, 117
scouts: Amazons, 159–61, 162–63, 253n8; defined, 19, 236n14; leafcutters, 178; Leptogenys, 19, 34; Pachycondyla, 159. See also recruitment
seeds: for ant gardens, 121–22, 247n3; Argentine ant as destructive to, 207, 207; army ants and, 243n8; dispersal of by ants, 22, 195, 207; elaiosomes, 207, 243n8, 256n68; granivory, 238n18; grass, 45–47, 46; leafcutters and, 182, 194–95, 256n68; marauder ants and, 15, 41, 45, 46, 47, 48; Pheidologeton affinis and, 106, 107; repletes and, 57
self-interest, 35, 248n30, 251n38, 262n29, 264n32
self-reliance, in small societies, 69, 223
self-sacrifice, 42, 126–27, 223, 248n30, 251n2. See also risk taking
seminomadism, 211
“series parallel” operations, 251n37. See also redundancy of operations
Shanahand, Jill, 204–5
shock and awe. See rapid dominance
silk, for nest making, 113, 114, 124
Silverman, Jules, 213
Singapore and Singapore Botanic Gardens, 21–30, 36, 38, 42, 45–49, 55–56, 56–57
sit-and-wait. See lie-in-wait foraging strategy
size frequency distribution of castes, 38–39, 238n5, 240n6, 244n10
size matching, 41, 99–100, 180–81, 244n10
size of ant: advantages of being small, 144, 145, 146; and brainpower, 116, 144, 251n34; complexity and, 116; and energy required to walk, 14; matching with size of cut leaf, 171–72, 180–81, 254n10; matching with size of prey, 41, 99–100, 180–81, 244n10; size frequency distribution, 38–39, 238n5, 240n6, 244n10; spectrum of, 143–44, 145–46; variation in, as ideal for large colonies, 145–46; and weight capacity of individuals, 65–66. See also polymorphism
size of larva, caste determined by, 9
size of society: aggressiveness increasing with, 202; complexity and, 116, 223, 226–27; discord within society and, 228–29; division of labor and, 146, 187, 222, 223, 226–27; of Dorylus laevigatus, 102; error, tolerance of, 86, 145, 227; extremist defenses and, 127–28; group transport and, 69–70; homeostasis and, 78; individuality and, 222; infrastructure and, 51, 223; leafcutter ants, 172–74; marauder ants, 15, 57; market economy and, 223; mortality in swarm raids and, 36, 238n33; of nondominant ants, 129; perimeter defense and, 128; range of sizes, 9; redundancy of operations, 44–45, 145, 146, 223, 225, 227, 251n37; risk taking and, 223; tempo of life and, 44, 78, 145, 223; territoriality and, 122–23, 128, 223; variation in individual size as ideal, 145–46; warfare and, 122–23, 128, 129, 223, 248nn27, 30; weights of, 144. See also population; superorganisms
slavemaking ants. See Amazon ants; Protomognathus americanus
slaves and slavery: Argentine ants, 260n10; birds and, 155, 252n247; delayed gratification and, 167–68, 253nn17, 18; evolution of ant slavery, 164–67, 253nn9–12; honeypot ants, 165, 253n12; human slavery, 154, 155–56, 165, 252nn19, 21, 23; imprinting on slaveholder, 154, 155, 215, 252nn19, 24; mutiny, 154, 252n18; naturalistic fallacy and, 156; primates and, 155, 156, 252nn21, 23; pupae as key to, 165–66, 167; slaves as term, 154, 155–56, 252n21; sustenance and slave raiding as linked, 166–67; Teleutomyrmex schneideri, 157. See also Amazon ants; Protomognathus americanus
slime molds, 32
small societies: group transport less likely in, 63, 69; identification of individuals in, 222; infrastructure in, 51; as labor generalists, 39, 43, 69, 78; of non-dominant ants, 129; smallest known, 9; tempo of life in, 44, 86. See also hunter-gatherers; size of society
smart mobs, 225
Smith, Adam, 70
Smith, Mary, 37–38
social insects, 9, 234n4, 257n85. See also cannibalism
social organization: egalitarian, 225; group transport and, 63; humans compared to ants, 222–25, 228–29, 262n29,