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By Root 1267 0

reinforcements to Eastern Front, 525; dismisses field marshals, 526; misjudges Russian offensive strategy, 527; accepts retreat in Italy, 530; and impending Allied invasion of Europe, 530; refuses to allow strategic wirhdrawal before Bagration, 546; and July bomb plot (1944), 551–2; orders counter-attack in Normandy, 554; orders strategic withdrawal from Normandy, 555; and Soviet winter 1944 offensive, 590; final confrontation with Russia, 608; and Soviet assault on Berlin, 623; suicide, 626; anticipates conflict between Soviet Union and West, 659; errors of judgement, 661; see also Germany

Hodges, Gen. Courtney, 577, 583, 590, 594, 611

Hoepner, Col.Gen. Erich, 143, 161, 165, 176

Holland: attempts to remain neutral, 43; Germans invade and occupy, 53–4, 72; food shortages, 351; police collaborate with German occupiers, 402; maintains colonial rule in East Indies at war’s end, 658

Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, 439

Holocaust, xvii, 139, 182, 502, 506, 512, 514–15, 517–19, 521–2, 674

Home Guard (Britain), 91–2

Homma, Lt.Gen. Masaharu, 232, 234, 236

Hong Kong: Japanese atrocities, 216

Hopkinson, Capt. David, 673

Hopkinson, Diana, 344

Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 15

Hormel, Jay, 186

Hornes, Lance-Corp., 12, 13

Hornor, Lt. Sam, 561

Horsfall, John, 61, 64–5

Horton, Adm. Sir Max Kennedy, 283, 667

Hotblack, Maj.Gen. Frederick, 49

Houffalize, Belgium, 592, 594

Howard, Lt. Michael, 60, 139, 152, 451–2, 666

Howe, Quincy: England Expects Every American to do His Duty, 186

Hube, Gen. Hans, 449

Hudson, Brig. Charles, 90–1

Huff, Wolfgang, 180

Hughes, T.L., 659

Hungary: Jews in, 506, 524, 601–2; Russians advance on and occupy, 550, 597–601

Huntzinger, Gen. Charles, 55

Hussein, Mustapha, 651

Hutchinson, Charles, 271

Hynes, Samuel, 565

Ibbotson, Joan, 347

Ichigo, Operation, 432

Ichizo, Hayashi, 644

Ieronymos, Archbishop, 122

Ignatov (Russian officer), 396

Iki, Cdr. Haryushi, 651

Imai, Maj.Gen. Takeo, 215

Imphal, 560, 563

Inber, Vera, 313

India: view of Second World War, xix; troops in North Africa, 132, 137; troops defeated in Malaya, 209; racially segregated brothels, 411; anti-British sentiments, 415; supplies for Britain, 416; independence/nationalist movement, 417–19, 421, 562; servicemen, 417–18; repressive British administration, 419–21, 425; riots, 419; numbers under arms, 434; troops’ casualties in Italy, 457; and British operations against Japanese in Burma, 559; total casualties, 670; see also Bengal

Indian Army: loyalty and conditions, 419–20, 425; performance, 435

Indian Legion (S.C. Bose’s), 421

Indian National Army, 214, 422, 564

Indochina: French rule in, 407–8, 658; Japanese control, 407

Inoue, Vice-Adm. Shigeyoshi, 237–8, 240

intelligence: Allies served by Ultra, 367–8

Iraq: British intervention in, 124–5

Ireland: neutrality, 188, 398–9; US sympathy for, 190

Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund: on Polish campaign, 22; on French military plans, 39; and Norway campaign, 50; strategy against German advance in France, 61–2; anger with Billotte, 63

Irrawaddy, river, 224, 633

Irwin, Basil, 629

Irwin, Lt.Gen. Noel, 433

Ishii, Lt.Gen. Shiro, 672

Ishpaikin, Yuri, 389

Israel: created, 674

Italy: enters war, 75–6, 104; lacks common strategy with Germany, 100; industrial and military weakness, 104; workers in Germany, 104; German contempt for, 105; in North African campaigns, 108–10, 134–5, 137–8; unmilitary attitude and performance, 108–11, 457; air force in attacks on Britain, 109; and German domination, 118, 459; occupation of Balkans, 124; naval strength, 270, 295; human torpedo crews attack Alexandria, 294; naval defeat at Taranto, 294; attacks Malta convoys, 296; claims to sink US battleship, 306–7; troops retreat in Russia, 318–20; conditions for civilians, 341; food shortages and hunger, 350–1; troops in Rommel’s army, 370–2; Allied invasion and campaign in, 443–4, 451–7, 463–4, 528–30, 595; troops surrender and fail in Sicily, 445, 447; surrenders and joins Allies, 451, 459, 462; casualties, 453, 456–7, 670; Gustav Line, 455; partisans, 455, 459–60; winter conditions, 455–6; effect of campaign