All Hell Let Loose_ The World at War 1939-1945 - Max Hastings [457]
Ito, Sgt. Kiyoshi, 645
Ivanov, Pvt. (of Russian 70th Army), 393
Iwo Jima, 635–6
Izraelit (Moscow legal adviser), 152
Jackson, Jackie, 327
Jaik, Juhan, 145
James, Lt. Harold, 434
Japan: atom bomb used against, xvi, 251, 647–51, 673; bombed by US aircraft, xvi–xvii, 237, 429, 637–40, 646; war and troops in China, xvi, 191–2, 261, 427–9, 432; as threat to British interests, 105; Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy (1940), 112, 187, 192; advances checked in Pacific (1942), 166; attack on USA, 189, 191, 195–6; US freeze on assets (July 1941) and oil embargo, 189, 194, 432; neutrality pact with Russia (1941), 190; defeat in skirmish with Russia (1939), 192; early military victories and territorial gains, 192, 194, 200, 217–18, 231, 236, 306; faith in German victory, 192–3, 195; strategic aims, 193–4, 237, 268; troops in French Indochina, 193–5; occasional hesitancy in battle, 196–7, 240, 669; attitudes to war, 202; attack on Malaya, 203–11; atrocities and ruthlessness, 206, 209, 213–14, 216, 221, 230, 234, 430–2, 438, 500, 561, 574; skill in jungle warfare, 208, 221; soldiers use bicycles, 208–9; code of bushido, 210; and British surrender of Singapore, 213–14; racism in conquered territories, 216; treatment of prisoners of war, 216–17, 235; occupies Burma, 218–19, 223–5, 434; fighting qualities, 221, 260, 433, 438, 669; attack on Philippines, 231–5; popular US ignorance of, 231; occupies and develops Rabaul, 236; weak intelligence, 243–4; difficulty in replacing losses, 253; diverts troops to China, 260; casualties at Guadalcanal, 263; faces defeat, 268; total casualties, 324–5, 669; food supplies, 349; women’s role in, 352; secret codes broken by US, 368–9; Greater Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, 407; rule in Indochina, 407; Malayan support for, 415; sympathisers in conquered Asian countries, 415–16; treatment of conquered people, 416; and Indian National Army, 421–2; biological warfare, 428–9, 672; use of ‘comfort women’, 429–31; Allied commitment to campaign against, 432–3; declares Burma independent, 435; defensive tenacity in Pacific, 437, 468–70, 636; refuses to concede defeat, 440, 636, 648; aircraft quality, 473; air force effectiveness, 474; blockaded and shipping losses, 558, 569; land war against British, 559; attacks in Arakan, 560; defeated in Battle of Kohima, 561–3; fanatical fighting on Pacific islands, 564–70; defeat in battle for Marianas, 565–7; Slim defeats in Burma, 633–5; casualties in 1945 Burma campaign, 635; kamikaze attacks on US Navy and aircraft, 636–7, 639, 641–3; coastal waters mined, 638; proposed US attack on mainland, 640, 645–6; unconditional surrender, 652; under MacArthur’s rule, 656; prisoners’ deaths in Soviet custody, 657; reaction to surrender, 657; strategic mistakes, 662; war criminals executed, 671; post-war attitudes, 672
Japanese (Nisei): US detention of citizens, 400
Japanese navy: actions, 237; quality of, and seamen, 243; codes, 244; decline in performance, 436; losses, 569–74
VESSELS: Abukuma (cruiser), 572; Akagi (carrier), 250; Chikuma (cruiser), 573; Chokai (cruiser), 255–6, 573; Fuso (battleship), 572; Hiryu (carrier), 252; Hiyu (carrier), 567; Kaga (carrier), 250; Kako (heavy cruiser), 256; Kirishima (battleship), 262; Mogami (heavy cruiser), 572; Musashi (battleship), 572; Shoho (carrier), 237–8; Shokaku (carrier), 238, 240, 243, 566; Soryu (carrier), 250; Suzuya (cruiser), 573; Taiho (carrier), 566; Tone (heavy cruiser), 247; Yamashiro (battleship), 572; Zuikaku (carrier), 240, 243
Java (Dutch cruiser), 217
Jenkins, Roy (later Baron), xix
Jeschonnek, Hans, 140, 483
Jews: genocide, xvi, 510, 517, 674; sufferings, xvii, 501–3; persecuted in Poland, 14, 23, 508; courage in French army, 68; persecuted in France, 81, 126; killed in Lithuania, 148; and Nazi final solution, 153,