American Passage_ The History of Ellis I - Vincent J. Cannato [236]
Watertown, Massachusetts December 2008
Notes
ABBREVIATIONS
AH American Hebrew
ANY Archives of the Archdiocese of New York, St. Joseph’s Seminary,
Yonkers, New York
BG Boston Globe
BH Boston Herald
CC Calvin Coolidge Papers, Library of Congress
CN Charles Nagel Papers, Yale University
CR Charles Recht Papers, Tamiment Library, New York University EG Emma Goldman Papers, University of California, Berkeley FLG Fiorello La Guardia Papers, La Guardia and Wagner Archives, La
Guardia Community College, City University of New York HW Harper’s Weekly
HP Herbert Parsons Papers, Columbia University
HST Harry S. Truman Papers, Official File, Harry S. Truman
Presidential Library, Independence, Missouri
INS Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Record
Group 85, National Archives, Washington, DC
IRL Papers of the Immigration Restriction League, Harvard University JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association
LD The Literary Digest
LOC Library of Congress
MK Max Kohler Papers, American Jewish Historical Society NAR North American Review
NMB Nicholas Murray Butler Papers, Columbia University NYHS New York Historical Society
NYM New York Medical Journal
NYPL New York Public Library
NYS New York Sun
NYT New York Times
NYTM New York Times Magazine
NYTrib New York Tribune
NYW New York World
OS Oscar Straus Papers, Library of Congress
PSM Popular Science Monthly
RMN Richard M. Nixon Papers, National Archives, College Park,
Maryland
SG Samuel Gompers Papers, University of Maryland, College Park SP Saturday Evening Post
TR Theodore Roosevelt Papers, Library of Congress
TVP Terence V. Powderly Papers, The Catholic University of America WC William E. Chandler Papers, Library of Congress
WGH Warren G. Harding Papers, Library of Congress
WL William Langer Papers, University of North Dakota WSJ Wall Street Journal
WHT William Howard Taft Papers, Library of Congress WP Washington Post
WW Woodrow Wilson Papers, Library of Congress
WW-NYPL William Williams Papers, New York Public Library WW-Yale William Williams Family Papers, Yale University
INTRODUCTION
1 By 1912, thirty-three-year-old: On the Tyni family, see File 53525-37, INS.
2 Unlike the Tyni family: For the story of Anna Segla, see File 52880-77, INS.
3 Other immigrants: Letter from Louis K. Pittman, December 3, 1985, Public Health Service Historians Office, Rockville, MD.
3 Others, luckier than Pittman: For the story of Frank Woodhull/Mary Johnson, see NYT, October 5, 6, 1908; NYTrib, October 5, 1908; New York Herald, October 5, 1908; and Erica Rand, The Ellis Island Snow Globe (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005), Chapter 2.
5 For these individuals: Bruce M. Stave, John F. Sutherland, with Aldo Salerno, From the Old Country: An Oral History of European Migration to America (New York: Twayne Publishers, 1994), 44–45.
5 No one story: James Karavolas, who arrived as a six-year-old in 1915, told of his memories of Ellis Island years later. “Ellis Island didn’t impress me at all. The memory is faint,” Karavolas admitted. Peter Morton Coan, Ellis Island Interviews: In Their Own Words (New York: Checkmark Books, 1997), 279.
7 The process at: Edward A. Steiner, On the Trail of the Immigrant (New York: Fleming H. Revell Company, 1906), 72; Stephen Graham, With Poor Immigrants to America (New York: Macmillan, 1914), 44.
7 The central sifting: Allan McLaughlin, “How Immigrants Are Inspected,” PSM, February 1905; J. G. Wilson, “Some Remarks Concerning Diagnosis by Inspection,” NYM, July 8, 1911; Alfred C. Reed, “The Medical Side of Immigration,” PSM, April 1912; E. H. Mullan, “Mental Examination of Immigrants: Administration and Line Inspection at Ellis Island,” Public Health Reports, U.S. Public Health Service, May 18, 1917; and Elizabeth Yew, “Medical Inspection of Immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891–1924,” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 56, no. 5 (June 1980).
8 All of these ideas: Speech by Henry Cabot Lodge before the Boston City Club, March 20, 1908, reprinted, 60th Congress, 1st Session,