American Passage_ The History of Ellis I - Vincent J. Cannato [247]
119 A Powderly ally: Letter from A. J. You to Terence V. Powderly, May 24, 1900, Box 137, TVP.
120 In what was probably: Letter from Terence V. Powderly to Hon. William McKinley, undated, Series 2, TVP.
120 In mid-December 1900: NYW, December 18, 1900; Leslie’s Illustrated Weekly Newspaper, January 5, 1901.
121 The centerpiece of the: Pitkin, Keepers of the Gate, 33; Architectural Record, December 1902.
121 Ellis Island now consisted: NYT, December 3, 1900.
122 Ensconced in Washington: Letter to T. V. Powderly, September 20, 1900, TVP. For examples of intercepted McSweeney letters, see Box 125, Series 2, TVP.
122 When not bogged down: Letter from Terence V. Powderly to Hon. William McKinley, undated, Series 2, TVP.
123 By the summer of 1901: Letter from Roman Dobler to T. V. Powderly, August 16, 1901, TVP.
CHAPTER SEVEN: CLEANING HOUSE
127 It was not a name: Eric Rauchway, Murdering McKinley: The Making of Theodore Roosevelt’s America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2003), 60.
128 Theodore Roosevelt had: President Theodore Roosevelt, “First Annual Message to Congress,” December 3, 1901.
128 The bullets that: Theodore Roosevelt, “True Americanism,” Forum, April 1894.
128 In the previous decade: Theodore Roosevelt, An Autobiography (New York: Scribner’s, 1913), 357; Robert Watchorn, The Autobiography of Robert Watchorn (Oklahoma City, OK: Robert Watchorn Charities, 1959), 145.
128 Roosevelt was no newcomer: Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt (New York: Ballantine Books, 1979), 376; Letters from Theodore Roosevelt to Henry Cabot Lodge, January 27, 1897, March 19, 1897, in Henry Cabot Lodge and Charles F. Redmond, eds., Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918, vol. 1 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1971).
129 Roosevelt worried about: Theodore Roosevelt, “The Immigration Problem,” Harvard Monthly, December 1888.
129 The relationship between: Roosevelt, “True Americanism.”
130 A young inspector: Watchorn, Autobiography, 145–147.
130 William McKinley: Hans Vought, The Bully Pulpit and the Melting Pot: American Presidents and the Immigrant, 1897–1933 (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2004), 22–23; Daniel J. Tichenor, Dividing Lines: The Politics of Immigration Control in America (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002), 73–75.
131 Even with a new: Letter from T. V. Powderly to Thomas Fitchie, October 4, 1901, Letter from Acting Secretary O. L. Spaulding to Thomas Fitchie, October 9, 1901, Box 123, TVP.
132 Edward McSweeney had more reasons: Letter from Edward McSweeney to Theodore Roosevelt, March 26, 1902, Series 1, TR.
132 Roosevelt’s views: Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 122; Barbara Miller Solomon, Ancestors and Immigrants: A Changing New England Tradition (New York: Wiley, 1956), 196; Vought, Bully Pulpit, 33.
132 Yet immigrant defenders: Roosevelt, An Autobiography, 186–187; Tichenor, Dividing Lines, 33. On Roosevelt’s family background, see Morris, Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, 36–37.
133 Whatever may have been: Elting E. Morison, ed., The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, vol. 3 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1951), 170–171.
133 Powderly left the meeting: Letter from T. V. Powderly to John Parsons, October 25, 1904, Box 139, TVP.
133 Even with the charges: Letter from Terence V. Powderly to President William McKinley, undated, TVP; “Reports of the Industrial Commission on Immigration,” vol. 15, 1901, 72, 170; Letter from Nicholas Butler to Theodore Roosevelt, October 12, 1901, NMB.
134 “Nicholas Miraculous” Butler: Letter from Nicholas Murray Butler to Theodore Roosevelt, October 7, 1901, NMB.
134 Jacob Riis: Letter from Jacob Riis to TR, March 17, 1902, Series 1, TR. 134 What Roosevelt really: Morison, ed., Letters, vol. 3, 221, 250.
134 Finally, in the spring: NYT, March 24, 1902.
135 Powderly demanded: Letter from Terence V. Powderly to Robert Watchorn, March 22, 1902, Letterbook 79, Box 153, TVP.
135 The sheer number of: Powderly, 381–382.
136 The son of a New London: