American Passage_ The History of Ellis I - Vincent J. Cannato [271]
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: DECLINE
379 A businessman reading: WSJ, September 18, 1956.
379 The sale was made: NYT, November 14, 1954.
380 So the GSA opened: Barbara Blumberg, “Celebrating the Immigrant: An Ad- ministrative History of the Statue of Liberty National Monument, 1952–1982,” National Park Service, 1985, Chapter 5.
380 In response: Blumberg, “Celebrating the Immigrant.”
380 Some of the proposals: NYT, February 3, 1958.
380 When bidding opened: Business Week, September 29, 1956.
380 Ellis Island’s future: NYTM, May 25, 1958.
381 “This is not just”: NYT, December 20, 1960; December 8, 1962.
381 To Corsi: Edward Corsi, In the Shadow of Liberty: The Chronicle of Ellis Island (New York: Macmillan, 1935), 281–295.
383 With full control: Blumberg, “Celebrating the Immigrant,” chapter 6; Time, March 4, 1966; NYT, February 25, 1966.
383 The centerpiece of: New York World-Telegram and Sun, March 7, 1966.
383 There were other: NYT, February 26, 1966; Harry T. Brundidge, “The Passing of Ellis Island,” American Mercury, December 1954.
384 The island was a mess: NYT, July 16, 1964, March 5, 1968.
384 For some white: Peter Morton Coan, Ellis Island Interviews: In Their Own Words (New York: Checkmark Books, 1997), 220; Paul Knaplund, Moorings Old and New: Entries in an Immigrant’s Log (Madison, WI: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1963), 148. See also David R. Roediger, Working Toward Whiteness: How America’s Immigrants Became White: The Strange Journey from Ellis Island to the Suburbs (New York: Basic Books, 2005), 118–119.
385 Meanwhile, black leaders: On African-American attitudes toward immigration, see Daryl Scott, “ ‘Immigrant Indigestion’: A. Philip Randolph: Radical and Restrictionist,” Center for Immigration Studies, Backgrounder, June 1999, http://www.cis.org/articles/1999/back699.html, and “ ‘Cast Down Your Bucket Where You Are’: Black Americans on Immigration,” Center for Immigration Studies, Paper 10, June 1996, http://www.cis.org/articles/1996/paper10.html. 386 In the early morning hours: NYT, March 17, 1970.
387 It would prove: Nixon Tapes, Conversation No. 610-1, Nov. 1, 1971, RMN. The conversation is not transcribed and the audio quality of the recording is poor. This is the author’s rough transcription of the account. The aides at the meeting included John Mitchell, George Schultz, and H. R. Haldeman.
387 Two days after: On the NEGRO takeover of Ellis Island, see NYT, January
8, July 25, 26, August 2, 19, 20, 21, 1970; Newsweek, September 28, 1970; and Blumberg, “Celebrating the Immigrant,” chapter 6.
388 This did not deter: NEGRO brochure, WHCF, SMOF, Leonard Garment, Box
138, RMN.
388 Matthew continually referred: In fact, a few years earlier, Irving Kristol wrote a long piece arguing the same idea. See Irving Kristol, “The Negro Today is Like the Immigrant Yesterday,” NYTM, September 11, 1966.
388 Not surprisingly: Blumberg, “Celebrating the Immigrant,” 6.
389 Since the mid-1960s: NYT, April 24, 1973.
389 As the Ellis Island colony: NYT, November 29, December 11, 1973. In November 1973, Matthew was convicted and sentenced to three years in prison. In March 1975, an appeals court struck down the conviction, arguing that errors by the judge merited a dismissal.
389 Around the same time: Nathan Glazer and Daniel Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Pot: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians, and Irish of New York City, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970).
390 Ethnic pride: Michael Novak, The Rise of the Unmeltable Ethnics (New York: Macmillan, 1971). On the phenomenon of white ethnicity, see Vincent J. Cannato, The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and his Struggle to Save New York (New York: Basic Books, 2001), 389–441; and Mathew Frye Jacobson, Roots, Too: White Ethnic Revival in Post Civil-Rights America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006).
CHAPTER NINETEEN: THE NEW PLYMOUTH ROCK
391 On this patriotic: NYT, July 3, 1986.
392 Although resoration of the: F. Ross Holland, Idealists, Scoundrels, and the Lady: An Insider’s View of the Statue