American Rifle - Alexander Rose [225]
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106. Forbes to Pitt, October 20, 1758, in James, Writings of General John Forbes, p. 239.
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107. Gookin, Historical Account of Doings and Sufferings, p. 442.
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108. Hubbard, History of Indian Wars in New England, p. 1:87.
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109. B. Church, The History of the Eastern Expeditions of 1689, 1690, 1692, 1696, and 1704 Against the Indians and French, (ed. H. M. Dexter), (Boston: J. K. Wiggin & Wm. Parsons Lunt, 1867), p. 132–33.
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110. B. Church, The History of King Philip’s War, ed. H. M. Dexter (1716; reprint Boston: John Kimball Wiggin, 1865), pp. 122–23.
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111. Ibid., pp. 32–33, 121, 145, 176.
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112. Regarding the makeup of Braddock’s forces, see F. T. Nichols, “The Organization of Braddock’s Army,” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd ser., 4, no. 2 (1947), pp. 125–47.
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113. For a detailed description and analysis of the battle, see S. Pargellis, “Braddock’s Defeat,” American Historical Review 41, no. 2 (1936), pp. 253–69. On the number of the French and Indians, see Washington to Robert Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755.
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114. Quoted in D. Higginbotham, George Washington and the American Military Tradition (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1985), p. 8.
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115. Anonymous letter dated July 25, 1755, in S. Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748–1765 (New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1936), p. 115.
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116. All the while, the Indians had “pursued us butchering as they came as far as the other side of the river; during our crossing, they shot many in the water . . . and dyed the stream with their blood, scalping and cutting them in a most barbarous manner.” See “The Journal of a British Officer,” in C. Hamilton, ed., Braddock’s Defeat (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1959), p. 52.
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117. Washington to John Augustine, July 18, 1755.
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118. Washington to Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755.
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119. “Journal of Captain Robert Cholmley’s batman,” in Hamilton, ed., Braddock’s Defeat, quoted in Higginbotham, Washington and the American Military Tradition, p. 140n3.
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120. Washington to Dinwiddie, July 18, 1755.
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121. Ball to Washington, September 5, 1755.
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122. Pargellis, “Braddock’s Defeat,” p. 267. Even as Washington’s hopes of preferment were dashed, Captain Robert Orme (another Braddock aide) was quietly told that his career was at an end, and he resigned from the army within the year, as probably did another, Robert Dobson, whose name quickly disappeared from the officers’ lists. The name and reputation of Lieutenant Colonel Ralph Burton, a Braddock favorite, was under a cloud for years, but he eventually became a major general in 1762. Conversely, those who commanded the vanguard enjoyed promotions (e.g., Colonel Thomas Gage—soon in charge of the British forces in North America—Major Russell Chapman, and Captain John Rutherfurd) within the next two years. Clearly London felt the fault lay with Braddock rather than with the vanguard, and his aides paid the price. On Washington’s appointment as colonel, see Higginbotham, Washington and the American Military Tradition, 14; regarding fencing, see Freeman, George Washington: p. 2:204.
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123. Diary entry, September 9, 1759, in J. C. Webster, ed., The Journal of Jeffery Amherst in America from 1758 to 1763 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931), pp. 166–67.
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124. Washington, General Orders, January 8, 1756.
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125. Washington to Virginia Regiment officers, July 29, 1757.
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126. Washington to Dinwiddie, August 3, 1757, and H. G. Unger, The Unexpected George Washington: His Private Life (Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons, 2006), p. 32.
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127. Mercer to Washington, August 17, 1757.
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128. Washington to Dinwiddie, April 16, 1756.
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129. Washington to John Robinson, April 7, 1756.
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