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5 UN-HABITAT, “State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009” (Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2008).

6 Suketu Mehta, Maximum City: Bombay Lost and Found (New York: Knopf, 2004), 15. Mehta’s memoir offers one of the most detailed and important chronicles of the modern arrival city.

7 Jerry White, London in the Nineteenth Century (London: Vintage, 2007), 107.

8 UN-HABITAT, “State of the World’s Cities 2008/2009.”

9 UN Population Division, “World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision” (New York: Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2009), “World Population to 2300.”

10 Dilip Ratha, Sanket Mohapatra, and Zhimei Xu, “Outlook for Remittance Flows 2008–2010” (Washington: The World Bank Development Prospects Group, 2008); FE Report, “Wb Study Forecasts $10.87b in Remittance Earnings this Fiscal,” Financial Express, July 30, 2009.

11 This nadir of Tower Hamlets was chronicled in detail by Keith Dovkants, “The Betrayed: An Evening Standard Special Investigation,” Evening Standard, January 1995.

12 Divya Sunder and Layli Uddin, “A Comparative Analysis of Bangladeshi and Pakistani Educational Attainment in London Secondary Schools,” InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies 3, no. 2 (2007).

13 A good comparison is found in Irena Kogan, “Labour Market Careers of Immigrants in Germany and the United Kingdom,” Journal of International Migration and Integration 5, no. 4 (2004).

14 Nissa Finney and Ludi Simpson, “Sleepwalking to Segregation”? Challenging Myths About Race and Migration (Bristol: The Policy Press, 2009), 127.

15 Geoff Dench, Kate Gavron and Michael Young, The New East End (London: Profile Books, 2006), 134.

16 Lucinda Platt, “Migration and Social Mobility: The Life Chances of Britain’s Minority Ethnic Communities” (Bristol: The Joseph Rowntree Foundation, 2005).

17 Joachim Brüß, “Experiences of Discrimination Reported by Turkish, Moroccan and Bangladeshi Muslims in Three European Cities,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34, no. 6 (2008).

2 OUTSIDE IN

1 Sudha Deshpande, “Migration to Mumbai: What Do the Census Data Show?” Loksatta (2003). English translation provided by Deshpande.

2 Johannes Jütting and Juan R. de Laiglesia, eds., Is Informal Normal? Towards More and Better Jobs in Developing Countries (Paris: OECD, 2009).

3 An excellent comparison of life under a “formal” work economy versus an almost completely informal one in Mumbai—and the benefits of the latter—is found in Sudha Deshpande and Lalit Deshpande, “Work, Wages and Well-Being: 1950s and 1990s,” in Bombay and Mumbai: The City in Transition, eds. Sujata Patel and Jim Masselos (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

4 Deepa Narayan, Lant Pritchett, and Soumya Kapoor, Moving Out of Poverty: Success from the Bottom Up (Washington: The World Bank, 2009).

5 Cecilia Tacoli, “Rural–Urban Interactions: A Guide to the Literature,” Environment and Urbanization 10, no. 1 (1988).

6 Ronald Skeldon, “The Evolution of Migration Patterns During Urbanization in Peru,” The Geographical Review 67, no. 4 (1977): 405.

7 Charles Tilly, “Migration in Modern European History,” in Human Migration: Patterns & Policies, eds. William H. McNeill and Ruth S. Adams (Bloomington: Indiana, 1978), 53.

8 Saad S. Yahya, “Unmaking the Slums: Emerging Rules, Roles and Repertoires,” Stetson Law Review 36 (2006): 131.

9 Patrícia Mota Guedes and Nilson Vieira Oliveira, “Braudel Papers 38: Democratization of Consumption: Progress and Aspirations in São Paulo’s Periphery” (São Paulo: Instituto Fernand Braudel, 2006).

10 UN-HABITAT, “The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements” (Nairobi: United Nations Human Settlements Programme, 2003), 9.

11 Martim O. Smolka and Adriana de A. Larangeira, “Informality and Poverty in Latin American Urban Policies,” in The New Global Frontier, eds. George Martine et al. (London: Earthscan, 2008), 105–107.

12 L. Jellinek, “The Changing Fortunes of a Jakarta Street Trader,” in The Urbanization of the Third World,