Been in the Storm So Long_ The Aftermath of Slavery - Leon F. Litwack [418]
12. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, XVIII: Unwritten History, 14–15; XV: N.C. Narr. (Part 2), 25.
13. Ibid., IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 187; Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery: An Autobiography (New York, 1902), 12–13; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 539.
14. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, III: S.C. Narr. (Part 3), 40; IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 100, V (Part 3), 260; XIV: N.C. Narr. (Part 1), 218–19.
15. David Macrae, The Americans at Home (Edinburgh, 1870; repr., New York, 1952), 209; J. T. Trowbridge, The South: A Tour of Its Battle-Fields and Ruined Cities, A Journey Through the Desolated States, and Talks with the People (Hartford, 1867), 68.
16. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 135; VII: Miss. Narr., 115; M. F. Armstrong and Helen W. Ludlow, Hampton and Its Students (New York, 1875), 110–11. See also Rupert S. Holland (ed.), Letters and Diary of Laura M. Towne: Written from the Sea Islands of South Carolina, 1862–1884 (Cambridge, 1912), 29.
17. Bell I. Wiley (ed.), Letters of Warren Akin: Confederate Congressman (Athens, Ga., 1959), 5; Mrs. William Mason Smith to her family [Feb. 23, 1864], in Daniel E. Huger Smith et al. (eds.), Mason Smith Family Letters, 1860–1868 (Columbia, S.C., 1950), 83.
18. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, V: Texas Narr. (Part 4), 192, 193–94.
19. Ibid., VII: Okla. Narr., 88–90.
20. Simkins and Patton, Women of the Confederacy, 162; Bell I. Wiley, Southern Negroes: 1861–1865 (New Haven, 1938), 51n.
21. Wiley, Southern Negroes, 52n.
22. E. C. Ball to W. J. Ball, July 23, 1863, Ball Family Papers, South Caroliniana Library, Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia; Simkins and Patton, Women of the Confederacy, 174.
23. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 1), 14–16. See also Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 537.
24. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, VII: Okla. Narr., 135; New York Times, quoting the Louisville correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial See also John K. Betters-worth, Confederate Mississippi (Baton Rouge, 1943), 163–64.
25. Rawick (ed.), American Slave, IV: Texas Narr. (Part 2), 77–78; VI: Ala. Narr., 224; Blassingame (ed.), Slave Testimony, 535. See also Douglass’ Monthly (Rochester, N.Y.), IV (March 1862), 617; Perdue et al. (eds.), Weevils in the Wheat, 167; Starobin (ed.), Blacks in Bondage, 77–83; and Charles S. Sydnor, A Gentleman of the Old Natchez Region: Benjamin L. C. Wailes (Durham, N.C., 1938), 302–03.
26. Bryan, Confederate Georgia, 125; Wiley, Southern Negroes, 75–76.
27. Mrs. Mary Jones to Col. Charles C. Jones, Jr., June 5, 1863, in Myers (ed.), Children of Pride, 1068; Simkins and Patton, Women of the Confederacy, 164; Russell, My Diary North and South, 208–09.
28. Chesnut, Diary from Dixie, 158–59; Kate Stone, Brokenburn: The Journal of Kate Stone, 1861–1868 (ed. John Q. Anderson; Baton Rouge, 1972), 298.
29. Simkins and Patton, Women of the Confederacy, 164; Edmund Ruffin, The Diary of Edmund Ruffin (ed. William K. Scarborough; 2 vols.; Baton Rouge, 1972, 1976), I, 556–57. See also Russell, My Diary North and South, 131–32.
30. Robert F. Durden, The Gray and the Black: The Confederate Debate on Emancipation (Baton Rouge, 1972), 7–8; Russell, My Diary North and South, 188.
31. Durden, The Gray and the Black, 14, 168; John K. Bettersworth (ed.), Mississippi in the Confederacy: As They Saw It (Baton Rouge, 1961), 249. See also Benjamin Quarles, The Negro in the Civil War (Boston, 1953), 37, 49–50; John E. Johns, Florida During the Civil War (Gainesville, 1963), 174; E. Merton Coulter, “Slavery and Freedom in Athens, Georgia, 1860–66,” in Elinor Miller and Eugene D. Genovese (eds.), Plantation, Town, and County: Essays on the Local History of American Slave Society (Urbana, Ill., 1974), 352; Coulter, The Confederate States of America (Baton Rouge, 1950), 256.
32. Memorial of Free Negroes, Jan. 10, 1861, quoted in George D. Terry, “From